CONTENTS Editors and Contributors ... ⅲ Foreward ... ⅳ KOREA, THE LAND AND PEOPLE ... ⅴ Contents ... ⅵ CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION / KWON Hyuck-jae[Korea University, seoul] ... 3 1. Location and Territory ... 3 2. Natural Environment ... 5 3. Historical and Cultural Background ... 9 4. Economic Development ... 13 5. Population ... 21 6. Cities ... 22 7. Administrative Division and Geographical Demarcation of Regions ... 24 PART 1 A SYSTEMATIC SURVEY ... 27 CHAPTER2. GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY / JO Wha-ryong[Kyungpook National University, Taegu ... 29 1. Formation of the Korea Peninsula ... 29 2. Mountains and Plateaus ... 37 3. Rivers and Plains ... 42 4. Coasts and Seas ... 47 CHAPTER 3. CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND SOIL / LEE Hyoun-young[Konkuk University, seoul] ... 53 1. Clamate ... 53 2. Vegetation and Soil ... 70 CHAPTER 4. KOREANS AND KOREAN CULTURE / CHANG Bo-Woong[Chonnam national University, Kwang ... 74 1. Korean People ... 74 2. Korean Language ... 78 3. Major Religions ... 83 4. Traditional Culture ... 87 CHAPTER 5. POPULATION / LEE Hee-Yeon[Konkuk University, Seoul] ... 98 1. Population Growth and Distribution ... 98 2. Population Structure and Change ... 107 3. Changes in Fertility and Mortality ... 112 4. Population Movement ... 116 5. Population Policies ... 119 CHAPTER 6. CITIES / CHOI Ki-yeop[Sungshin Women's University, Seoul] ... 123 1. City Development in Ancient and Modern Times ... 123 2. Cities in South Korea in the Late 20th Century ... 127 3. The Functions and Hierarchical System of the Cities ... 135 4. Internal Structure of Cities ... 139 CHAPTER 7. RURAL COMMUNITIES AND AGRICULTURE / SUH Chan-ki[Kyungpook National University, Taegu] ... 143 1. Development of consanguineous Villages ... 143 2. Locations and Types of Villages and Houses ... 146 3. Recent Changes in Rural Areas ... 152 4. Labor-Intensive Agriculture ... 154 5. Structural Changes in Agriculture ... 157 6. Major Crops and Agricultural Regions ... 163 CHAPTER 8. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY / PARK Sam-ock[Seoul Nataional University, Seoul] ... 174 1. Development of Industry and Changes in the Industrial Structure ... 174 2. Changes in the Distribution of Industries and Major Industrial Regions ... 180 3. Industrial Complexes and New Industrial Districts ... 184 4. Foreign Direct Investment and Globalization ... 190 5. Industrial Restructuring and Industrial Policy ... 194 CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION AND TOURISM / HUH Woo-kung[Seoul National University, Seoul] ... 198 1. Transportation ... 198 2. Communication ... 209 3. Tourism ... 212 CHAPTER 10. NATIONAL LAND DEVELOPMENT / PARK Yang-Choon[Kyungpook National University, Ta ... 219 1. A Historical Review ... 219 2. National Land Use Planning and Development Policies ... 222 3. Expansion of Transportation Networks and Resource Development ... 225 4. Policies for Industrial Locations and Industrial Site Development ... 232 5. The Question of Development and Mega Cities ... 235 6. The Achievements and Tasks of National Development Plans ... 239 CHAPTER 11. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS / KIM Yong-sung[Sangmyung University, Seoul] ... 244 1. Korean Emmigrants and Foreign Workers in Korea ... 244 2. International Trade ... 252 3. Diplomacy ... 260 PART II REGIONAL LANDSCAPES ... 267 THE CENTRAL REGIONS ... 269 CHATPER 12. THE LANDSCAPES OF SEOUL: A HISTORICAL REVIEW / HYONG Kie-joo[Dongguk University, Seoul] ... 269 1. The Choson Kingdom Period ... 269 2. Seoul under Japanese Occupation ... 274 3. Seoul Undergoing Rapid Changes as a Mega-City ... 277 4. The Cityscape of Seoul in a Time-Spae ... 290 CHAPTER 13. KOREA'S FRONTIER: THE DEMILITARIZED ZONE / KIM Jai-han[Chongju University, Chongju] ... 294 1. Beyond the Tragedy of Divided Land ... 294 2. A Treasury of Ecology ... 301 3. Strength of Military, Strength of Seoul ... 305 4. Developing the Frontier Region into a World Tourist Site ... 312 CHAPTER 14. TAEJON, A CITY THAT KEEPS GROWING / LEE Moon-jong[Kongju National University, Kongju] ... 315 1. The Birth and Growth of a City ... 315 2. New Urban Functions ... 320 3. Urban Spatial Structure ... 329 CHAPTER 15. THE CHANGING CULTURE OF THE TAEBAEK MOUNTAIN REGION / OCK Han-suk[Kangwon National University, Chunchon ... 333 1. The Tabaek Mountain Region ... 333 2. Changes in Industry ... 339 3. Environmental Preservation and Regional Development ... 345 THE SOUTHERN REGIONS ... 349 CHAPTER 16. THE SOUTHEAST COASTAL INDUSTRIAL BELT / UM Yeong-dae[Silla University, Pusan] ... 349 1. History of Development ... 349 2. Location ... 352 3. Major Industrial Regions ... 354 CHAPTER 17. HISTORIC CITIES KYONGJU AND ANDONG / KIM Duk-hyon[Gyeongsang National University, Chin ... 373 1. Kyongsang Province and Korean Traditional Culture ... 373 2. Kyongju: the Site of Buddhist Culture ... 375 3. Andong: the Traditional Confucian City ... 389 CHAPTER 18. GRANARY: THE KIMJE-MANKYONG PLAINS / NAM GOOND Bong[Chonbuk National University, Chonj ... 407 1. Physical Environment ... 407 2. Land Development and Cultivation Process of Kimje-Mankyong Plains ... 411 3. Land Use and Agriculture ... 422 4. Development of Settlements ... 424 CHAPTER 19. THE NATURE AND CULTURE OF CHEJU ISLAND / SONG Sung-dae[Cheju National University, Cheju] ... 427 1. A geographical Overview ... 427 2. Samdado: An Island of Three Bounties ... 429 3. An Island with Three Things Missing ... 434 4. Regional Traits ... 440 THE NORTHERN REGIONS ... 448 CHAPTER 20. MT. PAEKDU AND KAEMA HIGHLANDS / KIM Joo-hwan[Dongguk University, Seoul] ... 448 1. The Roof of Korea, Mt. Paekdu and the Kaema Highlands ... 448 2. Mt, Paekdu and its Neighboring Area ... 450 3. The Kaema Highlands ... 460 CHAPTER 21. PYONGANG AND NAMPO, CORE OF THE NORTH / HAN kyon-hyung[Korea National University of Educa ... 466 1. Political and Economic Center of Northern Region ... 466 2. The Natural Environment along the Lower Reaches of Taedong River ... 468 3. Pyongyang and Nampo: The Core Cities ... 472 4. Industries ... 477 CHAPTER 22. OPENING OF NORTH KOREA AND THE TUMAN RIVER AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM / LEE Jeong suk[Korea Research Institute for Human ... 483 1. Opening of North Korea and Regional Development ... 483 2. Tuman River Area Development Program ... 487 3. Rajin-Soubong Free Economic and Trade Zone Development ... 494 4. Shinpo Nuclear Power Plant ... 500 5. Issues for the Future : Regional Develoment in North Korea in Preparation for a Unifield Korea ... 502 REFERENCES ... 507