CONTENTS PREFACE ... ⅲ NEW PREFACE ... ⅴ ACKNOWLESGEMENTS ... ⅶ CITATION ... ⅸ ABBREVIATIONS ... ⅹ CONTENTS ... xi CHAPTER ONE ... 1 THE MONARCHY AND IDEOLOGY ... 4 A. Ideology as a check ... 4 B. China-centered yangban Ideology ... 5 Ⅰ. RECTIFICATION OF NAME THEORY AND KOREAN MONARCHY ... 8 A. Share of Korean Monarchs in the Sacrifice to Heaven ... 9 B. Korea-centered Thinking and the Sacrifice to Heaven ... 13 C. Strong Monarchy and Korea-centered Ideology ... 19 Ⅱ. INDOCTRINATION OF MONARCH ... 25 A. Interferencce in PRivate Life ... 25 B. Corrective Advice on Public Affairs ... 27 C. Natiral Disaster and Royal Lecture ... 29 D. Expansion of Royal Lectures ... 30 E. Crown Prince and Indoctrination ... 32 F. Monarch's Defiance against Confucian yangban ... 33 G. Return to Normality ... 36 H. Royal Lecture as a Political Battle-ground ... 38 I. Negative Challenge and Reaction ... 41 J. Victory of Neo-Confucianism ... 44 SUMMING UP ... 47 FOOTNOTES ... 48 CHAPTER TWO ... 71 THE MONARCHY AND DECISION MAKING ... 74 Ⅰ. CONSTITUTION OF THE DECISION-MAKING BODY ... 78 A. Levels of Dicision-making Bodies ... 78 B. Origin and Development of Decision-making Body ... 79 C. Interrelationship between State Councilors and Sib Groups ... 87 Ⅱ. SPHERE OF CONFLICT ... 95 A. Monarchical Succession ... 95 B. Land System and Meritorious Subjucts ... 103 SUMMING UP ... 113 FOOTNOTES ... 115 CHAPTER THREE ... 129 THE MONARCHY AND THE HISTORIAN ... 133 A. History as Judgment ... 133 B. Strength of Historians in China and Korea ... 135 C. Duty of Historians ... 138 Ⅰ. HISTORIAN'S WATCH ... 142 A. Defensive Role of the Monarch ... 142 B. The Monarch's Evasive Measures ... 145 C. Confucian Monarch and Historian ... 147 D. Historian under the Anomalous Ruler ... 148 E. Inquisitive Historian and the Monarch's Reaction ... 150 F. Purge of Historians ... 151 G. Resurgence of Historians ... 154 Ⅱ. HISTORICAL NOTES ... 155 A. Monarch's Inaccessibility ... 156 B. Private Storage and Collection ... 159 C. Limit on Monarch's Accessibility ... 161 D. Limit on Historian's Objectivity ... 163 E. Specification of Authorship ... 164 F. Fight against Anomalies ... 167 G. History purge ... 167 H. Anti-espionage Act ... 168 Ⅲ. COMPILATION OF VERITABLE RECORD ... 172 A. Scope of Materials and Method of Compilation ... 173 B. Time and Staff in Compilation ... 174 C. Concepts of Perspective View and Objectivity ... 175 SUMMING UP ... 180 FOOTNOTES ... 181 CHAPTER FOUR ... 197 THE MONARCHY AND THE CENSORATE ... 201 A. Consorate Offices of China and Korea ... 203 B. Organization of the Censorate ... 205 C. Qualifications of Censorate Official ... 207 D. Duty of the Censorate ... 209 E. Strength of the Censorate ... 210 F. Operational Mechanism of the Censorate ... 211 Ⅰ. RECTIFICATION ... 215 A. Censorate Attendance ... 215 B. Use of the Censorate Backfires ... 217 C. The Succession Problem and the Censorate ... 218 D. The Dismissal Policy and the Censorate ... 219 E. Royal Relatives and the Censorate ... 223 F. Abortive Restriction on Censorate Impeachment ... 226 G. Military Affairs and the Censorate ... 229 H. The Confucian Monarch and the Censorate ... 231 I. The Aftermath of Usurpation ... 239 J. The Endangered Censorate under the Anomalous Rule ... 244 K. The Censorate and Factionalism ... 246 Ⅱ. RATIFICATION ... 255 A. Ratification of the Legislation ... 256 B. Ratification of Appointed Officials ... 258 C. Appointment of Royal Relatives and the Censorate ... 264 D. Restricted Ratification Rights ... 268 SUMMING UP ... 272 FOOTNOTES ... 274 CONCLUSION ... 297 APPENDIX ... 301 BIBLOGRAPHY ... 305 INDEX ... 319