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CONTENTS
List of Figures ... 9
Ⅰ-INTRODUCTION ... 11
Purpose ... 11
Related Books ... 11
Historical Background ... 12
Definitions ... 16
Suggested Readings ... 16
Ⅱ-THE NATURE OF INFORMATION ... 17
Introduction ... 17
What Is Information? ... 17
The Evolution of Mechanisms for Information Preservation and Transmittal ... 18
A National Resource ... 19
The Information Cycle ... 19
The Stricture of Information ... 21
Relationship of Indexing, Abstracting, and Searching ... 21
File Searching ... 22
Boolean Searches ... 24
Suggested Readings ... 27
Ⅲ-THE NATURE AND TYPES OF INDEXES ... 29
Introduction ... 29
Levels of Indexing ... 29
Word and Name Indexes ... 29
Book Indexes ... 31
Periodical Indexes ... 32
Information Retrieval System Indexes ... 33
Types of Indexes ... 35
Author Indexes ... 35
Alphabetic Subject Indexes ... 35
Classified Indexes ... 36
Coordinate Indexes ... 37
Permuted Title Indexes ... 39
Faceted Indexes ... 41
Chain Indexes ... 42
PRECIS ... 42
Citation Indexes ... 43
ested Readings ... 44
Ⅳ-VOCABULARY CONTROL ... 46
Introduction ... 46
General Nature of Indexing Languages ... 46
Natural-Language Indexing ... 47
The Need for Vocabulary Control ... 48
Dictionary Requirements ... 50
Antonyms ... 51
Synonyms ... 51
Homographs ... 52
Generic Vocabularies ... 52
Classification Vocabularies ... 52
Authority Lists ... 52
Vocabulary Generation ... 52
Entry Vocabulary ... 53
Expressiveness ... 54
Vocabulary Growth ... 54
The Thesaurus ... 54
Construction ... 56
Updating ... 57
Display ... 58
Thesaurofacet ... 58
Thesaurus Evaluation ... 58
Examples ... 59
Suggested Reading ... 60
Ⅴ-INDEXING METHODS AND PROCEDURES ... 62
Introduction ... 62
Indexing Rules ... 62
Steps in Indexing ... 64
Recording Bibliographic Data ... 65
Content Analysis ... 65
Subject Determination ... 67
Conversion to the Indexing Language ... 68
Reexamination ... 69
Choosing Descriptors ... 69
Selection ... 69
Depth of Indexing ... 70
Precision of Indexing ... 71
Weighting ... 71
Making the Choice ... 71
Indexing Syntax ... 72
Links ... 72
Roles ... 73
Index Production ... 73
Suggested Readings ... 74
Ⅵ-INDEX EVALUATION ... 76
Introduction ... 76
The General Problem ... 76
Use of Information ... 76
Categories of Use ... 77
Relevance ... 77
Problem Relevance ... 78
Relevance Assessments ... 78
Recall and Precision ... 79
The Effects of Exhaustivity and Specificity ... 81
Ascertaining the Recall Quantity ... 82
The Use of Recall and Precision ... 82
Index Quality ... 83
Subject Error ... 83
Generic Searching ... 84
Terminology ... 84
Internal Guidance ... 85
Accuracy in Referring ... 85
Entry Scattering ... 85
Entry Differentiation ... 86
Spelling and Punctuation ... 86
Alphabetization ... 86
Layout ... 86
Cost ... 87
Standards ... 88
Reputation ... 88
Suggested Readings ... 88
Ⅶ-BOOK INDEXES ... 90
Introduction ... 90
The Nature of Book Indexes ... 90
Procedures ... 91
Name Entries ... 94
Subject Entries ... 97
Analysis of Content ... 98
Choosing Entries ... 98
Form and Internal Guidance ... 100
Saving Space ... 100
References ... 101
Other Points ... 102
Suggested Readings ... 103
Ⅷ-THE NATURE AND TYPES OF ABSTRACTS ... 104
Introduction ... 104
The Abstract and Its Use ... 104
Ues and Users ... 105
Types of Material Abstracted ... 105
Types of Abstracts ... 107
By Internal Purpose ... 107
By External Purpose ... 109
By Author ... 110
Limitations ... 111
Suggested Readings ... 111
Ⅸ-ABSTRACTING METHODS AND PROCEDURES ... 112
Steps in Abstracting ... 112
Indexes to Abstracts ... 120
Editing ... 120
Managing Abstracting Operations ... 121
Evaluation ... 122
Suggested Readings ... 123
Ⅹ-INDEXING AND ABSTRACTING A DOCUMENT ... 125
"An n-Dimensional Retrieval Model" ... 125
The Abstract ... 135
Indexing ... 137
XI-AUTOMATIC METHODS ... 145
Introduction ... 145
Information Processing with Computers ... 145
Automatic Indexing ... 147
Word Frequencies ... 148
Other Approaches ... 152
Semi-automatic Indexing ... 152
Change in Indexing ... 153
Automatic Abstracting ... 153
Problems ... 154
Suggested Reading ... 155
XII-INDEXING AND ABSTRACTING SERVICES ... 158
Introduction ... 158
Development and Growth ... 158
Operations ... 159
Types ... 159
Policies and Procedures ... 160
Dissemination ... 161
Coverage ... 161
Online Services ... 161
The Industry ... 162
Use and Problems ... 164
Suggested Readings ... 166
XIII-SOME ADDITIONAL TOPICS ... 168
Research ... 168
Indexing Alternatives ... 170
Professional Societies ... 173
Careers ... 173
Suggested Readings ... 174
Glossary ... 177
Bibliography ... 183
Index ... 205
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