CONTENTS SECTION ONE GENERAL CONCERNS AND BASIC SANITATION 1. History of Cosmetic Microbiology / JANET C. CURRY ... 3 2. Biology of Microbes / DANIEL K. BRANNAN ... 17 3. Microbial Environment of the Manufacturing Plant / RICHARD MULHALL ; EDWARD SCHMIDT ; DANIEL K. BRAN ... 69 SECTION TWO COSMETIC MICROBIOLOGY TESTING METHODS 4. Preservative Efficacy, Microbial Content, and Disinfectant Testing / MARY ANNE MAGEE ; SCOTT V. W. SUTTON ; DANIEL K. ... 95 5. Validation of Methods / DANIEL K. BRANNAN ... 127 SECTION THREE PRESERVATION OF COSMETICS 6. Preservative Development / PHILIP A. GEIS ; RICHARD T. HENNESSEY ... 143 7. Mechanisms of Action of Cosmetic Preservatives / THOMAS E. SOX ... 163 SECTION FOUR REGULATORY AND TOXICOLOGY CONCERNS 8. Consumer Safety Considerations Associated With the Microbial Preservation of Cosmetics / WILLIAM A. APEL ... 179 9. Laws and Enforcement / MARY K. BRUCK ... 197 Appendix 1 ... 207 Appendix 2 ... 227 Index ... 307