CONTENTS Preface ... ⅶ List of Contributors ... ⅸ Spices-Recent Advances / D. A. MOYLER ... 1 Spices and Their Extract : Utilization, Selection, Quality Contron and New Develoments / J. P. MARION ; A. AUDRIN ; L. MAIGNIAL ; H. BREVA ... 71 Analysis of Natural Flavourings : Problems and Actual Methods / F. TATEO ; A. FERRILLO ; A. ORLANDE ... 97 Food Ingredient Safety Evaluation / R. S. McCALEB ... 131 Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Essential Oils / D. A. MOYLER ; R. M. BROWNING ; M. A. STEPHENS ... 145 Extraction and Fractionation of Essential Oils with Liquid Carbon Dioxide / M. A. A. MEIRELSS ; Z. L. NIKOLOV ... 171 Potential for Synergistic Action of Phytochemicals in Spices / J. A. DUKE ; S. BECKSTROM-STERNBERG ... 201 Biologically Active Compounds in Important Spices / J. A. DUKE ... 225 Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Constituents of Herbs and Spices / N. NAKATANI ... 251 Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from the Plants of the Lamiaceae Family / M. TSIMIDOU ; D. BOSKOU ... 273 Hebs and Spices Indigenous to Turkey / W. WETHERILT ; M. PALA ... 285 Garlic : A Matter for Heart / M. K. JAIN ; R. APITZ-CASTRO ... 309 Studies of Plants in the Umbelliferae Family : Ⅱ. GC/MS Analysis of Celery Seed Essential Oils / G. VERNIN ; C. P A · RK A · NYI ... 329 Chiles : History, Cultivation, and uses / P. W. BOSLAND ... 347 HPLC-CLND Application to Quantitate Nitrogen Containing Capsaicin in Red Hot Peppers / E. M. FUJINARI ... 367 Papika Chemistry and its Relationship to Spice quality / C. WILKINS ... 381 GC/MS Analysis of Cinnamon and Cassia Essential Oils : A Comparative Study / G. VERNIN, C. VERNIN, J. METZGER, L. PUFOL ; C. P ... 411 Egyptian Basil / N. A. SHAATH ; N. R. AZZO ... 427 Oregano : Botany, Chemistry, and Cultivation / A. O. TUCKER ; M. J. MACIARELLO ... 439 Studies of Plants in the Umbelliferae Family. GC/MS Analysis of Parsley Essential Oils from Hungary and France : Closely Related Diterpenes from crispum(Mill) Nym / G. VERNIN, J. METZGER ; C. P A · RK A · NYI ... 457 Pharmacological Properties and medicinal Use of Peopper(Piper nigrum L.) / R. I-SAN LIN ... 469 GC/MS Analysis of Clove Essential Oils / G. VERNIN ; E. VERNIN ; J. METZGER ; L. PUFOL ; A ... 483 GC-MS-SPECMA Bank Analysis of Thymus serphllum praecox(Opiz) Wollm(Wild Thyme) from IIautes Alpes(France) / G. VERNIN, C. GHIGLIONE ; C. P A · RK A · NYI ... 501 Vanilla-Cultivation, curing, Chemistry, Technology and Commercial / A. S. RANADIVE ... 517 Ginger Oil(Zingiber officinale Roscoe) / G. VERNIN ; C. P A · RK A · NYI ... 579 Fil e · and the Essential Oils of the Leaves, Twigs, and Commercial Rood Teas of Sassafras albidum(Nutt.) Nees(Lauraceae) / A. O. TUCKER ; M. J. MACIARELLO ; C. E. BRODERICK ... 595 Mass Spectra of Some Natural and Synthetic Flavor and Fragrance Compounts / A. O. TUCKER ; M. J. MACIARELLO ... 605 Aroma and Flavor Components of Cultivated Mushrooms / J. MAU ; R. B. BEELMAN ; G. R. ZIEGLER ... 657 Shiitake and Other Edible Mushrooms Cultivated in Japan : Production, Bio Breeding / A. TSUNEDA ... 685 Truffles and Truffly Volatiles / M. J. MACIARELLO ; A. O. TUCKER ... 729 "Acceptable" Levels of Flavoring Ingredients? / J. A. DUKE ; S. M. BECKSTROM-STERNBERG ... 741 SUBJECT INDEX ... 759