목차
CONTENTS
1 Design Thinking and Education = 1
1.1 Introduction = 1
1.2 Design and Design Thinking = 2
1.3 Situating Design Thinking in a Provisional Conceptual Framework = 4
1.4 Education : The Old Design and Its Problems = 6
1.5 Education : The New Design = 9
1.6 Conclusion = 12
References = 13
2 Critical Perspectives on Design and Design Thinking = 17
2.1 Introduction = 17
2.2 Three Major Theorists of Design = 18
2.2.1 Herbert Simon = 18
2.2.2 Donald Schön = 21
2.2.3 Nigel Cross = 23
2.3 Design : History, Culture, and Ethics = 26
References = 31
3 Design Thinking and 21st Century Skills = 33
3.1 Introduction = 33
3.2 The Dimensions of 21st Century Learning = 34
3.2.1 The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development''s Key Competencies for Education = 34
3.2.2 The Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills = 35
3.2.3 EnGauge 21st Century Skills = 35
3.2.4 The Partnership for 21st Century Learning = 36
3.3 21st Century Learning Through Student Engagement in Design Thinking = 37
3.3.1 Episodes for Guiding Design Thinking = 38
3.3.2 Artifact Design as the Nexus = 40
3.4 Teachers'' TPACK for 21st Century Learning = 41
3.4.1 TPACK-21CL = 41
3.4.2 TPACK-21CL as Design Knowledge = 42
3.4.3 Understanding Teachers'' Design Thinking During Lesson Design = 43
3.5 21st Century Learning Through Design Thinking = 44
References = 44
4 Design Thinking and Children = 47
4.1 Introduction = 47
4.2 Literature Review = 48
4.2.1 Designing Digital Artifacts with Programming = 48
4.2.2 Learning Science by Design = 50
4.2.3 Design and Technology Studies = 52
4.2.4 Theory-Building as Human Design = 53
4.3 Case Study = 55
4.3.1 Participants and Background = 55
4.3.2 Intervention = 55
4.3.3 Data Collection = 56
4.3.4 Instrument = 56
4.3.5 Data Analysis = 58
4.4 Findings = 58
4.4.1 Emerging Themes of Students'' Perception of Their Learning = 59
4.5 Discussion and Conclusion = 62
References = 64
5 Design Thinking and Preservice Teachers = 67
5.1 Introduction = 67
5.2 Literature Review = 67
5.2.1 Design Thinking and Teacher Education = 67
5.2.2 A Knowledge-Building Approach to Facilitating Design-Thinking Capacity = 69
5.2.3 Two Case Studies = 71
5.3 Method = 71
5.3.1 Study 1 : Preservice Teachers Designing Technological Products Through Knowledge Building = 71
5.3.2 Study 2 : Preservice Teachers Designing a Lesson Plan Through Knowledge Building = 74
5.4 Results = 78
5.4.1 Study 1 = 78
5.4.2 Study 2 = 81
5.5 Discussion(Potentials and Challenges) = 84
References = 84
6 Design Thinking and In-Service Teachers = 87
6.1 Introduction = 87
6.2 Design Framing = 88
6.3 Teachers'' Design Framing = 89
6.3.1 Process-Based Perspective = 89
6.3.2 Knowledge-Based Perspective = 90
6.3.3 Contextual Perspective = 90
6.4 The Case = 91
6.4.1 Context = 91
6.4.2 Data Collection and Analysis = 92
6.4.3 Teachers Designing Independently = 93
6.4.4 Teachers Codesigning with Researchers = 97
6.5 Pedagogical Transformation Through Design Framing = 103
References = 105
7 Developing and Evaluating Design Thinking = 109
7.1 Introduction = 109
7.2 Development in Design Thinking = 109
7.2.1 Design Practices of Expert and Novice Designers = 110
7.2.2 Design Dispositions of Expert and Novice Designers = 111
7.3 Methods for Developing Design Thinking = 111
7.3.1 Designing Learners'' Design Experience = 112
7.3.2 Developing Understanding of Design Thinking = 113
7.3.3 Developing Design Dispositions = 114
7.4 Evaluating Design Thinking = 114
7.4.1 Perceptions of Design = 115
7.4.2 Design Process = 116
7.4.3 Design Outcomes = 117
7.5 Issues and Challenges = 118
References = 119
8 Conclusion = 121
8.1 What Is Design Thinking in Education? = 121
8.2 Uses of Design Thinking in Education = 122
8.2.1 For Students = 122
8.2.2 For Teachers = 122
8.3 Challenges with Applying Design Thinking = 123
8.3.1 Curriculum Fit = 123
8.3.2 Scaffolding Design Work = 123
8.3.3 Engaging in Design Talk = 124
8.4 Future Directions = 124
8.4.1 Develop Linkages Between Design Thinking and Curriculum = 124
8.4.2 Conduct Research About Design Scaffolding = 124
8.4.3 Develop Tools for Scaffolding Design = 125
8.4.4 Study Patterns of Design Talk = 125
8.4.5 Conduct Multi-prong Design Evaluation = 126
8.4.6 Educators to Reflect on the Norms and Ethics of Design = 126
References = 127
Index = 129
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