목차 일부
CONTENTS
List of contributors ... xv
Abbreviations ... xvii
1 One-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis / B. David Homes ... ⅰ
1. Introduction ... 1
2. Why polyacrylamide gel? ... 1
...
더보기
목차 전체
CONTENTS
List of contributors ... xv
Abbreviations ... xvii
1 One-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis / B. David Homes ... ⅰ
1. Introduction ... 1
2. Why polyacrylamide gel? ... 1
3. Properties of polyacrylamide gel ... 3
Chemical structure ... 3
Polymerization catalysts ... 3
Effective pore size ... 5
4. Experimental approach ... 6
Rod or slab gels ... 6
Dissociating or non-dissociating buffer system ... 7
Continuous or discontinuous (multiphasic) buffer system ... 9
Choice of pH ... 13
Choice of polymerization catalyst ... 14
Choice of gel concentration ... 14
Molecular mass estimation ... 16
5. Apparatus ... 22
Gel holders and elecirophoresis tanks ... 22
Additional items of equipment required for electrophoresis ... 27
6. Preparation and electrophoresis of polyacrylamide gels ... 30
Reagents ... 30
Stock solutions ... 31
Gel mixture preparation ... 32
Preparation of rod gels ... 38
Preparation of slab gels ... 41
Sample preparation ... 44
Sample loading and electrophoresis ... 49
7. Analysis of gels following electrophoresis ... 51
Recovery of gels ... 51
Protein staining with organic dyes and quantitation ... 52
Silver staining ... 60
Fluorescent protein labels ... 67
Detection of radioactive proteins ... 68
Detection of glycoproteins ... 81
Detection of phosphoproteins ... 82
Detection of proteins using immunological methods ... 83
Detection of enzymes ... 83
Blotting techniques ... 85
8.Recovery of separated proteins ... 97
Localization of protein bands ... 99
Elution of proteins ... 101
The recovery of proteins from electroblots ... 103
9. Modifications to the basic techniques ... 103
Molecular mass analysis of oligopeptides ... 103
Separation of special classes of proteins ... 108
Concentration gradient gels ... 116
Transverse gradient gel electrophoresis ... 124
Micro- and mini-gels ... 125
Large numbers of gels ... 127
Agarose/acrylamide composite gels ... 130
Affinity electrophoresis ... 130
10. Homogeneity and identity ... 130
Homogeneity of separated proteins ... 130
Further characterization of separated proteins ... 131
11. Artefacts and troubleshooting ... 136
Acknowledgements ... 139
References ... 139
2 Isoelectric focusing / Pier Giorgi Righetti ; Elisabetta Gianzza ; Cecil ... 149
1.Introduction ... 149
2.Conventional IEF in amphoteric buffers ... 149
General considerations ... 149
Equipment ... 154
The polyacrylamide gel matrix ... 157
Gel preparation and electrophoresis ... 162
General protein staining ... 173
Specific protein detection methods ... 176
Quantitation of the focused bands ... 176
Troubleshooting ... 177
Preparative aspects ... 178
3.Immobilized pH gradients ... 181
General considerations ... 181
IPG methodology ... 196
Troubleshooting ... 206
Some analytical results with IPGs ... 206
Preparative aspects of IPGs ... 208
4.Conclusions ... 214
Acknowledgements ... 214
References ... 214
3 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis / David Rickwood ; J: Alec A. Chambers ; S. Peter S ... 217
1. Introduction ... 217
2. Apparatus for two-dimensional electrophoresis ... 218
Introduction ... 218
Apparatus for first-dimensional gels ... 218
Apparatus for second-dimensional gels ... 219
3. General aspects of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ... 220
Introduction ... 220
Solutions and apparatus ... 222
Preparation of the sample ... 223
Preparation and electrophoresis of gels ... 224
4. Two-dimensional separations of proteins on the basis of their isoelectric points and mobility in SDS - polyacrylamide gels ... 228
Introduction ... 228
First-dimensional separation by isoelectric focusing ... 229
Second-dimensional separation by SDS -polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ... 236
Modifications to the basic method ... 241
Factors affecting separation: problems and troubleshooting ... 245
5. Separation of special classes of proteins ... 250
Introduction ... 250
Ribosomal proteins ... 250
Histones ... 253
Chromatin non-histone proteins ... 256
6. Quantifying two-dimensional gel patterns ... 259
Introduction ... 259
Primary data from gels ... 261
Types of gel scanner ... 261
Numerical analysis of gel patterns ... 264
Conclusions ... 269
Acknowledgements ... 270
References ... 270
4 Immunoelectrophoresis / T. C. B φ g-Hansen ... 273
1. Introduction ... 273
2. Basic techniques and their applications ... 274
Equipment ... 274
Gel preparation ... 279
Electrophoresis ... 280
Inspection ... 281
Pressing, washing, and drying ... 281
Staining and destaining ... 282
3. Image processing ... 283
Hardware and storage ... 284
Image processing and pattern recognition ... 284
Applications of image processing ... 285
4. Immunoelectrophoresis ... 285
Purpose ... 285
Principle ... 285
Procedure ... 286
Modifications for identification of specific antigens or antibodies ... 287
5. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis ... 287
Purpose ... 287
Principle ... 287
Procedure ... 288
6. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis, electroimmunoassay ... 290
Purpose ... 290
Principle ... 290
Procedure ... 291
7. Fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis ... 292
Purpose ... 292
Principle ... 292
Procedure ... 292
Applications ... 293
8. Intermediate gel technique ... 294
Purpose ... 294
Principle ... 294
Procedure ... 294
Applications ... 294
9. Line immunoelectrophoresis ... 296
Purpose ... 296
Principle ... 296
Procedure ... 297
Applications ... 297
10. Line immunoelectrophoresis with in situ absorption ... 297
Purpose ... 297
Principle ... 297
Procedure ... 298
Applications ... 298
11. Detection of biological activity ... 299
References ... 299
5 Peptide mapping / Anthony T. Andrews ... 301
1. Introduction ... 301
2. Apparatus ... 303
3. Methodology ... 305
The standard technique ... 305
Variations of the standard technique ... 309
Peptide mapping of protein mixtures ... 312
Characterization of proteinases ... 313
4. Interpretation of results ... 316
References ... 318
Appendices
A1. Suppliers of specialist items for electrophoresis / B. D. Hames ... 321
A2. Bibliography of polypeptide detection methods / B. D. Hames ... 324
A3. Reagents for the tisotopic labelling of proteins / D. Rickwood
A4. Molecular masses and isoelectric points of selected marker proteins / B. D. Hames ... 359
A5. Applications of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis / J. Alec Chambers ; D. Rickwood ... 352
A6. Production of polyvalent antibodies for immunoelectrophoresis / R. D. Jurd ; T. C. B φ g-Hansen ... 366
Index ... 377
더보기 닫기