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CONTENTS
Preface ... xi
Acknowledgment ... xiii
1. Introduction to Wellness ... 1
Basic Concepts of Health ... 4
Lifestyle and Health ... 5
High-Level Wellness ... 8
The Dimensions of Well...
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CONTENTS
Preface ... xi
Acknowledgment ... xiii
1. Introduction to Wellness ... 1
Basic Concepts of Health ... 4
Lifestyle and Health ... 5
High-Level Wellness ... 8
The Dimensions of Wellness ... 10
Physical Dimension ... 10
Intellectual Dimension ... 10
Emotional Dimension ... 11
Social Dimension ... 12
Spiritual Dimension ... 12
Occupational Dimension ... 13
Growth in Wellness ... 15
Awareness ... 15
Assessment ... 16
Knowledge ... 16
Skills and Management Techniques ... 16
Motivation ... 16
Support ... 17
Self-Responsibility ... 18
2. Self-Responsibility and Self-Management ... 21
Societal Norms ... 23
Changing Times : Making Wellness the Norm ... 25
Self-Responsibility ... 25
Recognition of Your Own Power ... 26
Conscious Commitment ... 26
Making Choices ... 26
Understanding Limitations ... 27
Self-Management ... 28
More Than Willpower ... 28
A Self-Management Strategy ... 28
Identify Your Goal ... 29
Prioritize Your Goals ... 29
Make Your Goal Realistic ... 30
Specify the Situation ... 50
Make Your Coal Specific, Measurable, and Have a Time Period ... 50
List Motivations ... 30
Keep Records ... 31
Make a Plan ... 32
Eliminate the Antecedent ... 52
Anticipate and Prepare for the Antecedent ... 32
Substitute Behaviors ... 33
Break or Scramble the Behavior Chain ... 33
Other Helpful Strategies ... 33
Build Commitment ... 34
Suggestions for Building Commitment ... 34
Maintain the New Behavior ... 34
3. Physical Fitness ... 39
Importance of Exercise ... 40
What Is Physical Fitness? ... 41
Cardiorespiratory Endurance ... 42
Muscular Strength and Muscular Endurance ... 42
Flexibility ... 43
Body Composition ... 44
Physical Fitness and Wellness ... 44
Benefits of Physical Fitness ... 45
The FITT Prescription for Fitness ... 46
"F" Equals Frequency ... 46
"I" Equals Intensity ... 47
"T" Equals Time ... 49
"T" Equals Type ... 49
How Long Before Results Become Apparent? ... 50
Three-Segment Workout ... 52
Warm-Up ... 52
Conditioning Bout ... 52
Cool-Down ... 53
Aerobic Versus Anaerobic ... 53
Principle of Overload ... 58
Principle of Specificity ... 58
Benefits of Lifetime Activity ... 58
4. Fitness Assessment ... 63
Guidelines for Medical Clearance ... 64
Cardiorespiratory Endurance ... 64
General Instructions ... 65
1. 5-Mile Run Test ... 66
1-Mile Walk Test ... 67
5-Mile Bicycling Test ... 68
500-Yard Swim Test ... 69
500-Yard Water Walk / Run Test ... 69
3-Minute Step Test ... 70
Muscular Strength and Endurance ... 72
Abdominal Curls ... 72
Push-Ups ... 73
Flexibility ... 75
Quick Checks for Flexibility ... 75
Sit and Reach ... 78
Sit and Reach Wall Test ... 79
Body Girth Measures ... 80
Body Composition ... 81
Body Composition Assessment Using Skinfold Calipers ... 82
How to Determine Desirable Weight ... 85
Body Girth Measures of Body Fat ... 86
Pinch Test ... 87
5. Common Injuries and Care of the Lower Back ... 89
Injury Prevention ... 90
Overuse ... 90
Shoes ... 92
Weakness and Inflexibility ... 93
Mechanics ... 94
The Musculo-Skeletal System ... 95
R. 1. C. E. ... 95
Rest ... 95
Ice ... 95
Compression ... 98
Elevation ... 98
Common Injuries ... 98
Blisters ... 99
Chafing ... 99
Muscle Soreness ... 99
Side Stitch ... 100
Muscle Cramp ... 100
Muscle Strain ... 100
Tendinitis ... 101
Plantar Fasciitis ... 101
Heel Spur Syndrome ... 101
Shin Splints ... 102
Stress Fracture ... 102
Chondromalacia ... 103
Ankle Sprain ... 103
Exercise and Disease Resistance ... 104
When to See a Physician ... 104
Getting Back Into Action ... 106
Care of the tower Back ... 106
Ways to Avoid Lower Back Pain ... 106
Workplace Considerations ... 108
Lower Back Injuries ... 108
Exercises for the Lower Back ... 109
6. Heart Health ... 113
Impact of Cardiovascular Disease ... 114
Coronary Heart Disease ... 115
Angina Pectoris ... 116
Myocardial Infarction ... 116
Stroke ... 117
Risk Factors ... 117
Primary Risk Factors ... 121
High Blood Pressure(Hypertension) ... 121
High Blood Lipid Profile(Cholesterol and Triglycerides) ... 121
Cigarette Smoking ... 125
Inactivity ... 126
Secondary Risk Factors ... 127
Obesity ... 127
Stress ... 128
Emotional Behavior ... 129
Age ... 129
Male Gender ... 129
Race ... 129
Positive Family History ... 150
Diabetes Mellitus ... 130
Treatment for Blocked Coronary Arteries ... 131
Drug Therapy ... 131
Angioplasty(or Balloon Angioplasty) ... 131
Coronary Bypass Surgery ... 132
New Techniques ... 132
7. Nutrition ... 135
Changing Times ... 136
Nutrition Basics ... 140
RDA ... 140
Carbohydrates ... 141
Sugars(Simple Carbohydrates) ... 141
Starches(Complex Carbohydrates ... 141
Proteins ... 143
Fats ... 144
Cholesterol ... 147
Fish Oils ... 148
Vitamins ... 148
Minerals ... 148
Calcium ... 148
Iron ... 151
Sodium ... 152
Water ... 152
The Well-Balanced Diet ... 152
Nutrition Labeling ... 155
Fast Foods ... 156
Special Nutritional Concerns ... 158
Vegetarian Diet ... 158
Pregnancy ... 159
Aging ... 159
Nutrition for Sports and Fitness ... 159
Making Positive Changes ... 160
8. Weight Management ... 165
The Impact of Culture ... 166
Understanding Body Composition ... 167
Overweight vs. Obesity ... 168
Risks Associated with Obesity ... 169
Theories of Obesity ... 170
The Energy Balance Equation ... 170
The Fat Cell Theory ... 171
The Set Point Theory ... 172
The Sluggish Metabolism Theory ... 173
What About Dieting? ... 174
Effective Weight Management ... 176
Nutritional Knowledge ... 177
Eating Management ... 177
Exercise ... 179
It Burns Calories ... 179
It Increases Basal Metabolism ... 180
It Prevents Loss of Lean Body Mass(Muscle Mass) ... 180
It Is a Natural Appetite Suppressor ... 181
It May Lower Your Set Point ... 181
Other Ways Exercise Helps with Weight Loss ... 181
Commonly Asked Questions About Weight Control ... 181
Eating Disorders ... 185
Bulimia ... 186
Anorexia Nervosa ... 187
9. Special Exercise Considerations ... 193
Similarities and Differences in Men's and Women's Performance Exercise ... 193
Females and Exercise ... 194
Menstruation ... 194
Effects of Exercise on the Menstrual Cycle ... 195
Pregnancy and Exercise ... 196
Stress Incontinence ... 197
Kegel Exercises ... 199
Postpartum : Getting Back Into Shape ... 199
Breast Support ... 199
Males and Exercise ... 200
Environmental Considerations ... 200
Exercising in the Heat ... 200
Exercising in the Cold ... 201
Contraindicated Exercises ... 203
Aging and Physical Activity ... 208
Aging and Performance ... 208
Does Exercise Increase Life Span? ... 209
10. Alcohol and Other Drugs ... 215
Alcohol ... 216
Use, Abuse, and Alcoholism ... 218
Overindulgence ... 220
Alcohol and Accidents ... 222
Alcohol and the Law ... 222
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome(FAS) ... 223
Marijuana ... 224
Cocaine and Crack ... 224
Crank and Ice ... 225
Drugs Affecting Physical Performance ... 226
Anabolic Steroids ... 226
Amphetamines ... 227
Diuretics ... 230
Caffeine ... 230
Addictive Personality ... 231
11. Other Lifestyle Choices Affecting Wellness ... 239
Cancer ... 240
Cancer Incidence ... 240
How to Cut Your Risk of Cancer ... 240
Avoid Tobacco in Any Form ... 241
Reduce Sun Exposure ... 241
Eat Foods That Prevent Cancer ... 242
Other Ways to Reduce Cancer Risk ... 243
Common Cancers ... 244
Skin Cancer ... 244
Lung Cancer ... 245
Colon and Rectal Cancer ... 245
Breast Cancer ... 246
Testicular Cancer ... 246
Uterine Cancer ... 248
Tobacco ... 248
The Decline of Smoking ... 249
Why Do People Smoke? ... 249
Health Risks of Smoking ... 249
Smokeless Tobacco ... 250
Are You a Passive Smoker? ... 251
Why Should I Quit? ... 252
How to Quit Smoking ... 252
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ... 253
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS) ... 254
Reducing Risk of Sexually Transmitted Diseases ... 256
Automobile Seat Belts ... 257
12. Stress ... 263
What Is Stress? ... 264
General Adaptation Syndrome ... 267
Fight-or-Flight ... 267
Stage of Resistance ... 268
Stage of Exhaustion ... 270
Measuring Your Stress ... 270
Daily Hassles and Uplifts ... 273
Type A Behavior and Stress ... 275
Type A Behavior Modification ... 277
Building Skills for Stress Management ... 277
Control ... 277
Coping with Stress ... 275
Exercise ... 278
Stress Reducers ... 279
Relaxation Techniques ... 281
Meditation ... 281
Autogenic Training and Imagery ... 284
Jacobson's Progressive Relaxation ... 285
Biofeedback Training ... 285
Hatha Yoga ... 286
Abdominal Breathing ... 286
Massage ... 287
Relaxation(Floatation) Tanks ... 287
12 Direction for the Future ... 291
Understanding the Odds ... 292
Heredity Is Not Destiny ... 292
Taking Charge ... 293
Understanding Quackery ... 293
Campus Wellness ... 295
Career Wellness ... 295
Wellness in the Family ... 297
The Well Child ... 298
Wellness Trends and Challenges for the Future ... 300
Predictable Trends ... 301
Challenges We Face ... 302
A Parting Thought ... 304
Appendixes
1 Wellness Contract(pullout) ... 307
2 Health / Exercise Assessment Form(pullout) ... 309
3 Exercise Clearance Form(pullout) ... 311
4 Personal Fitness Profile(pullout) ... 313
5 Exercise Log Sheet(pullout) ... 315
6 Specific Activities for Fitness ... 317
6A. Aerobic Dance ... 317
6B. Bicycling ... 323
6C. Fitness Swimming ... 331
6D. Jogging ... 337
6E. Walking ... 341
6F. Water Exercise / Aqua Aerobics ... 349
6G. Weight Training ... 353
7 Figure Your Target Heart Rate(pullout) ... 361
8 Food Log(pullout) ... 363
9 Nutritive Value of the Edible Part of Food ... 365
10 Measuring Your Stress and Coping Skills(pullout) ... 381
Index ... 387
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