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Systematics and Evolution of Spider Flies (Diptera, Acroceridae)
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| 자료유형 | 학위논문 |
|---|---|
| 서명/저자사항 | Systematics and Evolution of Spider Flies (Diptera, Acroceridae). |
| 개인저자 | Gillung, Jessica Paula. |
| 단체저자명 | University of California, Davis. Entomology. |
| 발행사항 | [S.l.]: University of California, Davis., 2018. |
| 발행사항 | Ann Arbor: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018. |
| 형태사항 | 198 p. |
| 기본자료 저록 | Dissertations Abstracts International 81-04B. Dissertation Abstract International |
| ISBN | 9781085757249 |
| 학위논문주기 | Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2018. |
| 일반주기 |
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
Advisor: Kimsey, Lynn S. |
| 이용제한사항 | This item must not be sold to any third party vendors. |
| 요약 | Parasitoid flies are some of the most remarkable, yet poorly known groups of insects. Represented by over 16,000 species distributed in 21 families, dipteran parasitoids comprise over 100 independent lineages, offering an unparalleled system to understanding the origin, evolution, and diversification of the parasitoid life history. This dissertation research unravels the systematics, evolution, and biology of a lineage of dipteran parasitoids specialized in spiders, Acroceridae, commonly known as spider flies. Chapter 1 contains a monograph of fossil spider flies, with morphological diagnoses and descriptions performed using modern cybertaxonomic tools. In this comprehensive review, I present a dichotomous key to the fossil taxa of Acroceridae, and a discussion of the timing of spider evolution and the patterns of host use as indicated by the fossil record. Twelve fossil spider-fly species are known to date, of which three are described as new. Through the integration of high-throughput sequencing and comparative methods, Chapter 2 provides a robust hypothesis for the pattern and timing of spider fly evolution. This study constitutes the first phylogenomic scale study of a dipteran parasitoid family, built upon anchored hybrid enrichment and transcriptomic data of 240 loci of 43 ingroup acrocerid taxa. A new hypothesis for the timing of spider fly evolution is proposed using recent advances in divergence time dating. The monograph presented in Chapter 1 served as the framework for the dating analysis, where a modern and comparative view of spider-fly taxa is required for increased confidence in the ages estimated. Resulting topologies based on amino acids and nucleotides are both strongly supported but critically discordant, primarily in terms of the monophyly of the bizarre subfamily Panopinae. Results based on nucleotides, however, were both more robust to alterations of the data and different analytical methods and more compatible with our current understanding of acrocerid morphology and patterns of host usage. Finally, Chapter 3 combines DNA sequence data obtained via Sanger sequencing with morphological characters to estimate the relationships among spider flies using a more extensive taxon sampling. Eighty-one morphological characters of 70 ingroup species, both fossil and extant, were combined with 7.1 kb of DNA sequences of four loci. Due to lack of resolution and low nodal support for the backbone, the resulting topology was informed by the results obtained in Chapter 2, in which four nodes were constrained to reflect the higher-level relationships recovered on the phylogenomic analyses. Results strongly support the monophyly of Acroceridae, which was found to be comprised of one extinct subfamily (Archocyrtinae), and five extant subfamilies: Acrocerinae, Cyrtinae, Ogcodinae, Panopinae, and Philopotinae. A new taxonomic classification is proposed, and the evolution of major spider fly morphological traits, including genitalia and wing venation, is discussed in detail. |
| 일반주제명 | Systematic biology. Entomology. Paleontology. |
| 언어 | 영어 |
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