목차 일부
CONTENTS
Preface ... xiii
Acknowledgments ... xvii
Chapter 1. Introduction ... 1.1
1.1 Background ... 1.1
1.2 History of Air Pollution ... 1.2
1.3 Development of Air Quality Regulations .....
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목차 전체
CONTENTS
Preface ... xiii
Acknowledgments ... xvii
Chapter 1. Introduction ... 1.1
1.1 Background ... 1.1
1.2 History of Air Pollution ... 1.2
1.3 Development of Air Quality Regulations ... 1.4
Part 1 The Theory and Quantification of Air Pollution
Chapter 2. Basic Air Quality Theory ... 2.3
2.1 Main Classes of Air Pollutants ... 2.4
2.2 Effects of Air Pollution ... 2.5
2.3 Ideal Gas Law ... 2.9
2.4 Volatile Organic Compounds ... 2.12
2.5 Particulate Matter ... 2.19
2.6 Summary of Terms and Relationships for Particle Dynamics ... 2.27
References ... 2.28
Chapter 3. Atmospheric Dispersion Models ... 3.1
3.1 Important Characteristics of the Atmosphere ... 3.1
3.2 Dispersion Modeling ... 3.4
References ... 3.12
Chapter 4. Ambient Air Monitoring ... 4.1
4.1 NAAQSs and PSD Monitoring ... 4.1
4.2 Reference Method Descriptions ... 4.4
4.3 General Considerations Common to All Methods ... 4.8
4.4 Monitoring Plan Preparation ... 4.18
4.5 Quality Assurance Plan and Procedures ... 4.21
4.6 Control Charts ... 4.28
4.7 Meteorological Monitoring ... 4.30
4.8 Conclusion ... 4.33
References ... 4.33
Chapter 5. Stack Sampling and Monitoring ... 5.1
5.1 Goal of Stack Testing ... 5.1
5.2 General Parts of a Stack Test ... 5.1
5.3 Overseeing a Stack Test ... 5.4
5.4 Performing a Stack Test ... 5.10
5.5 Calculations ... 5.22
References ... 5.24
Chapter 6. Air Pollution Testing ... 6.1
6.1 Environmental Protection Agency ... 6.1
6.2 Emission Measurement Technical Information Center(EMTIC) ... 6.1
6.3 Listing of CFR Promulgated Methods ... 6.7
6.4 Other Sources ... 6.11
6.5 Analytical Parameters ... 6.12
Chapter 7. Fugitive Emissions ... 7.1
7.1 Introduction ... 7.1
7.2 History of Fugitive Emissions ... 7.1
7.3 Fugitive Emissions Regulations ... 7.2
7.4 Sources of Fugitive Emissions ... 7.3
7.5 Measuring Fugitive Emissions ... 7.4
Chapter 8. Air Quality Management Policy ... 8.1
8.1 Introduction ... 8.1
8.2 Management Policy ... 8.2
8.3 Assessment of Air Pollution ... 8.3
8.4 Air Quality Management Policy ... 8.4
8.5 Training ... 8.5
8.6 Communication ... 8.6
Part 2 Air Quality Management
Chapter 9. Air Management Programs ... 9.3
9.1 Introduction ... 9.3
9.2 Identification of Activities Contributing to Air Pollution ... 9.4
9.3 Procedures to Control Air Pollution - Operation and Maintenance ... 9.7
9.4 Training ... 9.8
9.5 Responsibility ... 9.8
9.6 Documentation ... 9.9
9.7 Time Frames ... 9.9
9.8 Emergency Response ... 9.10
9.9 Updating Programs ... 9.12
9.10 Importance of a Management Plan ... 9.12
Chapter 10. Air Quality Audit ... 10.1
10.1 Types of Audits ... 10.1
10.2 Regulatory Audits ... 10.2
10.3 Customer Audits ... 10.1
10.4 Internal Audits ... 10.1
Part 3 Air Pollution Regulation
Chapter 11. Air Quality ... 11.3
11.1 Introduction ... 11.3
11.2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ... 11.4
11.3 State Implementation Plans ... 11.5
11.4 New and Modified Source Requirements ... 11.6
11.5 New-Source Performance Standards ... 11.8
11.6 National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants ... 11.1
11.7 Existing Sources ... 11.1
11.8 Nonattainment Area Requirements ... 11.1
Chapter 12. Mobil Sources ... 12.1
12.1 Introduction ... 12.1
12.2 Emission Standards for New Motor Vehicles or New Motor Vehicle Engines ... 12.1
12.3 Prohibited Acts ... 12.1
12.4 Civil Penalties ... 12.2
12.5 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Engine Compliance Testing and Certification ... 12.2
12.6 Compliance by Vehicles and Engines in Actual Use ... 12.3
12.7 Information Collection ... 12.3
12.8 State Standards and Grants ... 12.3
12.9 Regulation of Fuels ... 12.4
12.10 Nonroad Engines and Vehicles ... 12.4
12.11 High-Altitude Performance Adjustments ... 12.5
12.12 Study and Report on Fuel Consumption ... 12.5
12.13 Motor Vehicle Compliance Program Fees and Prohibition of Production of Engines Requiring Leaded Gasoline ... 12.5
12.14 Urban Bus Standards ... 12.5
12.15 Standards for Light-Duty Clean-Fuel Vehicles ... 12.6
12.16 Standards for Heavy-Duty Clean-Fuel Vehicles ... 12.6
12.17 Centrally Fueled Fleets ... 12.7
12.18 Vehicle Conversions ... 12.7
Chapter 13. Hazardous Air Pollutants ... 13.1
13.1 Introduction ... 13.1
13.2 List of Hazardous Air Pollutants ... 13.2
13.3 List of Source Categories ... 13.2
13.4 Maximum Achievable Control Technology Standards ... 13.3
13.5 Schedule for Promulgating MACT Standards ... 13.3
13.6 New and Modified Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants ... 13.4
13.7 Voluntary Early Reduction ... 13.5
13.8 Prevention of Accidental Releases ... 13.5
Chapter 14. Acid Rain ... 14.1
14.1 Introduction ... 14.1
14.2 Sulfur Dioxide Allowance Program for Existing and New Units ... 14.2
14.3 Phase Ⅰ Sulfur Dioxide Requirements ... 14.3
14.4 Phase Ⅱ Sulfur Dioxide Requirements ... 14.1
14.5 Allowances for States with Emissions Rates at or below 0.80 Ib／( 106 Btu) ... 14.1
14.6 Nitrogen Oxides Emission Reduction Program ... 14.1
14.7 Permits and Compliance Plans ... 14.1
14.8 Repowered Sources ... 14.1
14.9 Election for Additional Sources ... 14.1
14.10 Excess-Emissions Penalty ... 14.1
14.11 Monitoring, Reporting, and Record-Keeping Requirements ... 14.1
14.12 Clean Coal Technology Regulation Incentives ... 14.1
Chapter 15. Operating Permits ... 15.1
15.1 Introduction ... 15.1
15.2 State Operating Permit Programs ... 15.2
15.3 Sources Affected ... 15.4
15.4 Program Implementation Schedule ... 15.4
15.5 Preparing to Apply for a Title V Permit ... 15.5
15.6 Applying for a Title V Permit ... 15.7
15.7 Small Business Assistance ... 15.8
15.8 Permit Revisions ... 15.8
Chapter 16. Stratospheric Ozone Protection ... 16.1
16.1 Introduction ... 16.1
16.2 Phaseout of Production and Consumption of Class Ⅰ Substances ... 16.4
16.3 Phaseout of Production and Consumption of Class Ⅱ Substances ... 16.5
16.4 Accelerated Schedules ... 16.6
16.5 Exchange Authority ... 16.6
16.6 National Recycling and Emission Reduction Program ... 16.7
16.7 Servicing of Motor Vehicle Air Conditioners ... 16.7
16.8 Nonessential Products Containing Chlorofluorocarbons ... 16.8
16.9 Labeling ... 16.8
Chapter 17. Enforcement and Administration ... 17.1
17.1 Introduction ... 17.1
17.2 Civil Actions ... 17.2
17.3 Criminal Penalties ... 17.3
Part 4 Pollutant Control Systems
Chapter 18. Ventilation ... 18.3
18.1 Fluid Mechanics ... 18.3
18.2 Hoods ... 18.6
18.3 Ductwork ... 18.1
18.4 Fans ... 18.1
18.5 Stacks ... 18.2
References ... 18.2
Chapter 19. Control of Particulate Emissions ... 19.1
19.1 Definition of Particulate ... 19.1
19.2 Particle Distribution ... 19.1
19.3 Collection Efficiency ... 19.2
19.4 Gas Stream Characteristics ... 19.3
19.5 Control Devices ... 19.3
Chapter 20. Absorption of Gaseous Emissions ... 20.1
20.1 Mass Transfer ... 20.1
20.2 Exhaust Gas Turbulence ... 20.3
20.3 Exhaust Gas-Solvent Contact ... 20.3
20.4 Contact Time ... 20.3
20.5 Solvent Turbulence ... 20.3
20.6 Solvent Recirculation Rate ... 20.3
20.7 Absorber Configuration ... 20.4
20.8 Packing ... 20.6
Chapter 21. Adsorption of Gaseous Compounds ... 21.1
21.1 Materials ... 21.3
21.2 Theory ... 21.9
21.3 Design ... 21.1
21.4 Operational Overview - Column Operation ... 21.2
21.5 Equipment ... 21.2
References ... 21.2
Chapter 22. incineration of Gaseous Emissions ... 22.1
22.1 Thermal Oxidation ... 22.1
22.2 Catalytic Oxidation ... 22.1
22.3 Specifying Thermal and Catalytic Oxidation Systems ... 22.2
References ... 22.2
Chapter 23. Biofiltration of Gaseous Compounds ... 23.1
23.1 Theory ... 23.3
23.2 Treatability Studies ... 23.2
23.3 Design ... 23.2
References ... 23.3
Chapter 24. Condensation of Gaseous Emissions ... 24.1
24.1 Condensation ... 24.1
24.2 Application ... 24.1
24.3 Types of Condensers ... 24.2
24.4 Determination of Gas Temperatures ... 24.3
24.5 Coolant ... 24.3
24.6 Coolant Flow Rate ... 24.4
24.7 Log Mean Temperature Difference ... 24.6
24.8 Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient ... 24.6
24.9 Condenser Surface Area ... 24.7
24.10 General Considerations ... 24.7
References ... 24.8
Chapter 25. Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ... 25.1
25.1 Major Sources ... 25.2
25.2 NOx Chemistry of Formation ... 25.2
25.3 Stationary Sources ... 25.5
25.4 Selective Catalytic Reduction ... 25.1
25.5 Selective Noncatalytic Reduction ... 25.1
25.6 Nitric Acid Manufacture and Organic Nitrations ... 25.2
25.7 Organic Nitrations ... 25.2
25.8 Costs ... 25.2
References ... 25.2
Chapter 26. Control of SO₂ Emissions ... 26.1
26.1 Introduction ... 26.1
26.2 Regulations ... 26.1
26.3 Sources of SO₂ Emissions ... 26.3
26.4 SO₂ Control Techniques ... 26.6
26.5 The Future of SO₂ Control ... 26.2
Appendix A. Acronyms ... A.1
Appendix B. Definitions ... B.1
Appendix C. State and Territorial Air Pollution Control Agencies ... C.1
Appendix D. Regional Air Division Directors ... D.1
Appendix E. State Operating Permit Programs CFR Title 40, Part 70 ... E.1
Appendix F. Major Source Operating Permit Application ... F.1
Appendix G. Hazardous Air Pollutants ... G.1
Appendix H. Categories of Sources of HAPs and Regulation Promulgation Schedule ... H.1
Appendix I. MACT Rules - General Provisions ... I.1
Appendix J. Summary of MACT Compliance Dates ... J.1
Appendix K. De Minimis Levels ... K.1
Appendix L. Accidental-Release Prevention Provisions ... L.1
Appendix M. List of Regulated Toxic Substances and Threshold Quantities for Accidental-Release Prevention ... M.1
Appendix N. Clean Air Resources ... N.1
Appendix O. CFR Title 40 Parts(Air-Related) ... O.1
Appendix P. Equivalent Lengths of Ductwork Fittings ... P.1
Appendix Q. Thermal Stability Rankings ... Q.1
Index
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