자료유형 | 단행본 |
---|---|
서명/저자사항 | Money and Capital Markets : Financial Institutions and Instruments in a Global Marketplace / Peter S. Rose. |
개인저자 | Rose, Peter S. |
발행사항 | Boston: Irwin, 2000. |
형태사항 | xxxviii, 836 p.: ill.; 26 cm. |
ISBN | 0071169806 |
서지주기 | Includes bibliographical references and index |
비통제주제어 | Finance/,미국시장 |
분류기호 | 327.0942 |
언어 | 영어 |
캠퍼스간대출 소재불명도서 자료배달서비스 인쇄
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1 | M0273395 | 327.0942 R797m7 | 삼성캠퍼스/종합자료실/ | 대출가능 | false|true|true|false |true|true |
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CONTENTS
Part One The Global Financial System in Perspective
Chapter One The Many Roles of the Financial System in the Global Economy ... 1
The Global Economy and the Financial System ... 2
...
CONTENTS
Part One The Global Financial System in Perspective
Chapter One The Many Roles of the Financial System in the Global Economy ... 1
The Global Economy and the Financial System ... 2
Flows within the Global Economic System ... 2
The Role of Markets in the Global Economic System ... 2
Types of Markets ... 3
The Financial Markets and the Financial System : Channel for Savings and Investment ... 4
Functions Performed by the Global Financial System and the Financial Markets ... 6
Savings Function ... 6
Wealth Function ... 6
Liquidity Function ... 8
Credit Function ... 8
Payments Function ... 8
Risk Function ... 9
Policy Function ... 9
Types of Financial Markets within the Global Financial System ... 10
The Money Market versus the Capital Market ... 10
Divisions of the <B><FONT color ... #0000
Open versus Negotiated Markets ... 13
Primary versus Secondary Markets ... 13
Spot versus Futures, Forward, and Option Markets ... 14
Factors Tying All Financial Markets Together ... 17
The Dynamic Financial System ... 20
The Plan of This Book ... 20
Study Questions ... 22
Problems ... 22
Selected References ... 25
Chapter Two Financial Assets, Money, and Financial Transactions in the Global Financial System ... 26
The Creation of Financial Assets ... 27
Characteristics of Financial Assets ... 27
Different Kinds of Financial Assets ... 27
The Creation Process for Financial Assets ... 28
Financial Assets and the Financial System ... 30
Lending and Borrowing in the Financial System ... 33
Money as a Financial Asset ... 35
What is Money? ... 35
The Functions of Money ... 37
The Evolution of Financial Transactions ... 38
Direct Finance ... 38
Semidirect Finance ... 39
Indirect Finance ... 40
Relative Size and Importance of Major Financial Institutions ... 41
Classification of Financial Institutions ... 43
Portfolio Decisions by Financial Intermediaries and Other Financial Institutions ... 43
Disintermediation of Funds ... 44
New Types of Disintermediation ... 45
Summary ... 47
Study Questions ... 47
Problems ... 48
Selected References ... 49
Chapter Three Sources of Information for Financial Decision Making in the <B><FONT color ... #0000
Efficient Markets and Asymmetric Information ... 51
The Efficient Markets Hypothesis(EMH) ... 51
The Concept of Asymmetric information ... 55
Problems Informational Asymmetries Can Create : Lemons and Plums ... 58
Problems Asymmetries Can Create : The Problem of Adverse Selection ... 59
The Moral Hazard Problem ... 60
Asymmetry, Efficiency, and Real-World Markets ... 61
Possible Remedies for informational Asymmetries ... 62
Debt Security Prices and Yields ... 63
Stock Prices and Dividend Yields ... 64
Information on Security Issuers ... 68
General Economic and Financial Conditions ... 71
Social Accounting Data ... 77
National Income Accounts ... 77
The Flow of Funds Accounts ... 77
Summary ... 89
Study Questions ... 89
Problems ... 90
Selected References ... 91
Part Two The Management and Regulation of Financial Institutions
Chapter Four The Commercial Banking Industry ... 92
The Structure of U. S. Commercial Banking ... 93
A Trend toward Consolidation ... 93
Branch Banking ... 94
Bank Holding Companies ... 95
International Banking ... 95
Bank Failures ... 99
Changing Technology ... 99
Portfolio Characteristics of Commercial Banks ... 100
Cash and Due from Banks(Primary Reserves) ... 102
Security Holdings and Secondary Reserves ... 102
Loans ... 104
Deposits ... 105
Nondeposit Sources of Funds ... 106
Equity Capital ... 107
Revenues and Expenses ... 107
Money Creation and Destruction by Banks ... 109
Reserve Requirements and Excess Reserves ... 110
The Creation of Money and Credit ... 111
Destruction of Deposits and Reserves ... 113
Implications of Money Creation and Destruction ... 115
Summary ... 116
Study Questions ... 116
Problems ... 116
Selected References ... 118
Chapter Five Nonbank Thrift Institutions : Savings and Loan Associations, Savings Banks, Credit Unions, and Money Market Funds ... 119
Savings and Loan Associations ... 120
Origins ... 120
How Funds Are Raised and Allocated ... 121
Trends in Revenues and Costs ... 123
Possible Remedies for the Industry's Problems ... 128
Savings Banks ... 128
Number and Distribution of Savings Banks ... 129
How Funds are Raised and Allocated ... 129
Current Trends and Future Problems ... 130
Credit Unions ... 130
Credit Union Membership ... 132
Size of Credit Unions ... 132
New Services Offered ... 132
A Strong Competitive Force ... 135
Money Market Funds ... 135
Summary ... 142
Study Questions ... 143
Problems ... 143
Selected References ... 144
Chapter Six Mutual Funds, Pension Funds, Insurance Companies, Finance Companies and Other Financial Institutions ... 145
Mutual Funds(or Investment Companies) ... 146
The Background of Investment Companies ... 146
Tax Status of the Industry ... 148
Open-End and Closed-End Investment Companies ... 148
Goals and Earnings of Investment Companies ... 149
Pension Funds ... 150
Growth of Pension Funds ... 150
Investment Strategies of Pension Funds ... 153
Pension Fund Assets ... 154
Factors Affecting the Future Growth of Pension Funds ... 155
Life Insurance Companies ... 156
The Insurance Principle ... 157
Investments of Life Insurance Companies ... 157
Sources of Life Insurance Company Funds ... 161
Structure and Growth of the Life Insurance Industry ... 161
New Services ... 162
Property-Casualty Insurance Companies ... 163
Makeup of the Property-Casualty(P/C) Insurance Industry ... 163
Changing Risk Patterns in Property/Liability Coverage ... 166
Investments by Property-Casualty(P/C) Companies ... 169
Sources of Income ... 169
Business Cycles, Inflation, and Competition ... 170
Finance Companies ... 170
Different Finance Companies for Different Purposes ... 171
Growth of Finance Companies ... 173
Methods of Industry Financing ... 173
Recent Changes in the Character of the Finance Company Industry ... 173
Other Financial Institutions ... 174
Trends Affecting All Financial Institutions Today ... 175
Summary ... 176
Study Questions ... 177
Problems ... 177
Selected References ... 179
Chapter Seven The Regulation of Financial Institutions ... 180
The Reasons behind the Regulation of Financial Institutions ... 181
Does Regulation Benefit or Harm Financial Institutions? ... 182
The Regulation of Commercial Banks ... 184
The Federal Reserve System ... 184
The Comptroller of the Currency ... 184
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ... 186
State Banking Commissions ... 186
Regulations Controlling the Geographic Expansion of Banks ... 187
Regulation of the Services Banks Can Offer ... 191
The Rise of Disclosure Laws in Banking ... 193
The Growing Importance of Capital Regulation in Banking ... 193
The Unfinished Agenda for Banking Regulation ... 195
The Regulation of Nonbank Thrift Institutions ... 197
Credit Unions ... 197
Savings and Loans ... 198
Savings Banks ... 203
Money Market Funds ... 204
The Regulation of Insurance Companies ... 204
The Regulation of Pension Funds ... 204
The Regulation of Finance Companies ... 205
The Regulation of Investment Companies ... 206
An Overview of Trends in the Regulation of Financial Institutions ... 206
Study Questions ... 210
Problems ... 211
Selected References ... 211
Part Three Interest Rates and Security Prices
Chapter Eight Interest Rates in the Financial System ... 213
Functions of the Rate of Interest in the Economy ... 214
The Classical Theory of Interest Rates ... 214
Saving by Households ... 215
Saving by Business Firms ... 215
Saving by Government ... 216
The Demand for Investment Funds ... 216
The Equilibrium Rate of Interest in the Classical Theory of Interest ... 219
Limitations of the Classical Theory of Interest ... 220
The Liquidity Preference or Cash Balances Theory of Interest Rates ... 223
The Demand for Liquidity ... 223
The Supply of Money(Cash Balances) ... 226
The Equilibrium Rate of Interest in Liquidity Preference Theory ... 227
Limitations of the Liquidity Preference Theory ... 227
The Loanable Funds Theory of Interest ... 228
The Demand for Loanable Funds ... 229
Total Demand for Loanable Funds ... 230
The Supply of Loanable Funds ... 230
Total Supply of Loanable Funds ... 232
The Equilibrium Rate of Interest in the Loanable Funds Theory ... 233
The Rational Expectations Theory ... 235
Summary ... 239
Study Questions ... 239
Problems ... 240
Selected References ... 242
Chapter Nine Relationships between Interest Rates and Security Prices ... 243
Units of Measurement for Interest Rates and Security Prices ... 243
Definition of Interest Rates ... 243
Basis Points ... 244
Security Prices ... 244
Measures of the Rate of Return, or Yield, on a Loan or Security ... 245
Coupon Rate ... 245
Current Yield ... 246
Yield to Maturity ... 246
Holding-Period Yield ... 247
Calculating Yields to Maturity and Holding-Period Yields ... 248
Yield-Price Relationships ... 251
Interest Rates Charged by Institutional Lenders ... 254
The Simple Interest Method ... 254
Add-On Rate of Interest ... 255
Discount Method ... 255
Home Mortgage Interest Rate ... 256
Annual Percentage Rate(APR) ... 257
Compound Interest ... 258
The Annual Percentage Yield(APY) ... 259
Summary ... 261
Study Questions ... 261
Problems ... 262
Selected References ... 263
Chapter Ten Inflation, Yield Curves, and Duration ... 264
Inflation and Interest Rates ... 265
The Correlation between Inflation and Interest Rates ... 265
The Nominal and Real Interest Rates ... 266
The Fisher Effect ... 266
The Harrod-Keynes Effect of Inflation ... 267
Alternative Views on Inflation and Interest Rates ... 268
Inflation and Stock Prices ... 273
The Development of New Inflation-Adjusted Securities ... 275
The Maturity of a Loan ... 278
The Yield Curve and the Term Structure of Interest Rates ... 278
Types of Yield Curves ... 278
The Unbiased Expectations Hypothesis ... 279
The Role of Expectations in Shaping the Yield Curve ... 281
Relative Changes in Long-Term Interest Rates ... 282
Policy Implications of the Unbiased Expectations Hypothesis ... 283
The Liquidity Premium View of the Yield Curve ... 283
The Segmented-Markets or Hedging-Pressure Argument ... 284
Policy Implications of the Segmented-Markets Theory ... 284
The Preferred Habitat or Composite Theory of the Yield Curve ... 285
Research Evidence on Yield-Curve Theories ... 286
Uses of the Yield Curve ... 288
Duration : A Different Approach to Maturity ... 290
The Price Elasticity of a Debt Security ... 290
The Impact of Varying Coupon Rates ... 291
An Alternative Maturity Index for a Security : Duration ... 291
Uses of Duration ... 293
Limitations of Duration ... 295
Summary ... 296
Study Questions ... 297
Problems ... 297
Selected References ... 299
Chapter Eleven Marketability, Default Risk, Call Privileges, Prepayment Risk, Taxes, and Other Factors Affecting Interest Rates ... 301
Marketability ... 302
Liquidity ... 302
Default Risk and Interest Rates ... 303
The Premium for Default Risk ... 303
The Expected Rate of Return or Yield on a Risky Security ... 304
Anticipated Loss and Default Risk Premiums ... 304
Factors Influencing Default Risk Premiums ... 305
Inflation and Default Risk Premiums ... 312
Yield Curves for Risky Securities ... 312
The Rise and Fall of Junk Bonds ... 312
A Summary of the Default Risk-Interest Rate Relationship ... 314
Call Privileges and Call Risk ... 314
Calculating the Yields on Called Securities ... 314
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Call Privilege ... 315
The Call Premium and Interest Rate Expectations ... 317
Research Evidence ... 318
Effect of Coupon Rates on Call Risk ... 318
Prepayment Risk and the Interest Rates on Loan-Backed Securities ... 319
Taxation of Security Returns ... 320
Treatment of Capital Losses ... 322
Tax-Exempt Securities ... 322
Convertible Securities ... 326
The Structure of Interest Rates ... 327
Study Questions ... 328
Problems ... 329
Selected References ... 330
Chapter Twelve Interest Rate Forecasting and Hedging against Interest Rate Risk ... 332
The Influence of the Business Cycle in Shaping Interest Rates ... 333
Relative Movements in Short- and Long-Term Interest Rates and Security Prices over the Business Cycle ... 334
Seasonality in Interest Rates ... 336
Forecasting Interest Rates : Advantages and Problems ... 337
Advantages of Rate Forecasting ... 337
Problems in Forecasting Interest Rates ... 337
Approaches to Modern Interest Rate Forecasting ... 338
Money Supply Approaches ... 338
Inflation and the Fisher Effect ... 339
Econometric Models ... 340
Following the Forward Calendar of New Security Offerings ... 341
Market Expectations and Implied Rate Forecasting ... 342
The Consensus Forecast ... 343
Interest Rate Risk Hedging Strategies ... 344
Duration ... 344
Stripped Securities ... 345
GAP Management ... 345
Interest Rate Caps, Floors, and Collars ... 347
Loan Options ... 347
Interest Rate SWAPS ... 347
Summary ... 353
Study Questions ... 354
Problems ... 354
Selected References ... 356
Chapter Thirteen Financial Futures and Options Contracts ... 358
The Nature of Futures Trading ... 358
General Principles of Hedging ... 359
Opening and Closing a Hedge ... 359
Why Hedging Can Be Effective ... 360
Risk Selection through Hedging ... 361
Financial Futures ... 362
The Purpose of Trading in Financial Futures ... 362
Securities Used in Financial Futures Contracts ... 362
U. S. Treasury Bonds and Notes ... 365
U. S. Treasury Bills ... 366
Eurodollar Time Deposits ... 366
Other Money Market Futures Contracts ... 367
Municipal(State and Local Government) Bonds ... 367
New Foreign Bond Index Futures Contracts ... 367
Stock Index Futures ... 367
Types of Hedging in the Financial Futures Market ... 368
The Long(or Buying) Hedge ... 369
The Short(or Selling) Hedge ... 370
Cross Hedging ... 371
The Mechanics of Futures Trading ... 372
Payoff Diagrams for Long and Short Futures Contracts ... 374
Option Contracts on Financial Futures ... 375
Basic Types of Option Contracts ... 375
Option Contracts for Money Market and Capital Market Instruments ... 376
Uses of Options on Futures Contracts ... 377
Payoff Diagrams for Valuing Options ... 379
The Black-Scholes Model for Valuing Options ... 383
Traders Active in the Futures and Options Markets ... 385
Potential Benefits from the Futures and Options Markets ... 385
Summary ... 389
Study Questions ... 390
Problems ... 390
Selected References ... 392
Part Four The Money Market
Chapter Fourteen Characteristics of the Money Market ... 393
Characteristics of the Money Market ... 394
The Need for a Money Market ... 394
Borrowers and Lenders in the Money Market ... 395
The Goals of Money Market Investors ... 395
Types of Investment Risk ... 397
Money Market Maturities ... 399
Depth and Breadth of the Money Market ... 399
Federal Funds versus Clearinghouse Funds ... 400
A Market for Large Borrowers and Lenders ... 400
The Volume of Money Market Securities ... 402
The Pattern of Interest Rates in the Money Market ... 403
Summary ... 45
Study Questions ... 406
Problems ... 406
Selected References ... 407
Chapter Fifteen Treasury Bills, Dealer Loans, and Repurchase Agreements ... 408
U. S. Treasury Bills ... 409
Volume of Bills Outstanding ... 409
Types of Treasury Bills ... 410
How Bills Are Sold ... 410
Results of a Recent Bill Auction ... 411
Calculating the Yield on Bills ... 412
Market Interest Rates on Treasury Bills ... 414
Investors in Treasury Bills ... 417
Primary Dealers, Dealer Loans, and Repurchase Agreements ... 417
Scandal Rocks the Market for Government Securities ... 418
Proposals for New Ways to Auction Government Securities ... 419
Governments Security Dealers' Reliance on Borrowed Funds ... 421
Demand Loans ... 421
Repurchase Agreements ... 421
Sources of Dealer Income ... 424
Dealer Positions in Securities ... 425
Changing Sources of Dealer Financing ... 426
Dealer Transactions and Government Security Brokers ... 426
Summary ... 428
Study Questions ... 428
Problems ... 429
Selected References ... 429
Chapter Sixteen Banks in the Money Market : Federal Funds, Negotiable CDs, and Loans from the Discount Window ... 431
Federal Funds ... 433
Nature of Federal Funds ... 434
Use of the Federal Funds Market to Meet Deposit Reserve Requirements ... 433
Mechanics of Federal Funds Trading ... 435
Volume of Borrowings in the Funds Market ... 436
Rates on Federal Funds ... 437
Federal Funds and Government Policy ... 437
Negotiable Certificates of Deposit ... 439
Growth of CDs ... 439
Terms Attached to CDs ... 440
Buyers of CDs ... 442
CDs in Liability Management ... 443
New Types of CDs ... 443
Loans from the Federal Reserve's Discount Window ... 445
Causes and Effects of Borrowing from the Discount Window ... 446
Collateral for Discount Window Loans ... 447
Restrictions on Federal Reserve Credit ... 447
The Federal Reserve's Discount Rate ... 448
Concluding Comment on Bank Activity in the Money Market ... 450
Study Questions ... 451
Problems ... 452
Selected References ... 453
Chapter Seventeen Corporations in the Money Market : Commercial Paper and Federal Agency Securities ... 454
Commercial Paper ... 455
What Is Commercial Paper? ... 455
Types of Commercial Paper ... 455
Recent Growth of Commercial Paper ... 457
Maturities and Rates of Return on Commercial Paper ... 460
Changing Yields on Paper Issues ... 461
Advantages of Issuing Commercial Paper ... 461
Possible Disadvantages from Issuing Commercial Paper ... 462
Principal Investors ... 463
Continuing Innovation in the Paper Market ... 464
Commercial Paper Ratings ... 465
Dealers in Paper ... 466
Federal Agency Securities ... 466
Types of Federal Credit Agencies ... 467
Growth of the Agency Market ... 468
Terms on Agency Securities ... 470
The Marketing of Agency Issues ... 471
Summary ... 472
Study Questions ... 472
Problems ... 473
Selected References ... 474
Chapter Eighteen International Money Market Instruments : Bankers' Acceptances and Eurocurrency Deposits ... 475
Bankers' Acceptances ... 476
Why Acceptances Are Used in International Trade ... 476
How Acceptances Arise ... 477
The Growth and Decline of Acceptance Financing ... 478
Acceptance Rates ... 480
Investors in Acceptances ... 480
Eurocurrency Deposits ... 481
What Is a Eurodollar? ... 482
The Creation of Eurocurrency Deposits ... 483
Eurocurrency Maturities and Risks ... 485
The Supply of Eurocurrency Deposits ... 486
Eurodollars in U. S. Domestic Bank Operations ... 486
Recent Innovations in the Eurocurrency Markets ... 489
Benefits and Costs of the Eurocurrency Markets ... 489
Summary ... 490
Study Questions ... 491
Problems ... 491
Selected References ... 492
Part Five Central Banking and Monetary Policy
Chapter Nineteen Central Banks around the World and the Role of the Federal Reserve System ... 493
The Roles of Central Banks in the Economy and Financial System ... 494
Control of the Money Supply ... 494
Stabilizing the <B><FONT color ... #0000
Lender of Last Resort ... 495
Maintaining and Improving the Payments Mechanism ... 495
The Goals and Channels of Central Banking ... 496
The Channels through Which Central Banks Work ... 497
The History of the Federal Reserve System - Central Bank of the United States ... 498
Problems in the Early U. S. Banking System ... 500
Creation of the Federal Reserve System ... 502
The Early Structure of the Federal Reserve System ... 503
Goals and Policy Tools of the Federal Reserve System ... 503
How the Fed Is Organized ... 504
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ... 505
The Federal Open Market Committee and Manager of the System Open Market Account ... 506
The Federal Reserve Banks ... 507
The