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CONTENTS
Part Ⅰ Introduction
Chapter 1 A Framework for Analyzing Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations ... 2
The Participants ... 2
Assumptions about Labor and Conflict ... 3
...
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CONTENTS
Part Ⅰ Introduction
Chapter 1 A Framework for Analyzing Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations ... 2
The Participants ... 2
Assumptions about Labor and Conflict ... 3
The Three Levels of Industrial Relations Activity ... 4
The Institutional Perspective ... 5
The Performance of Collective Bargaining ... 7
The Plan of the Book ... 8
Chapter 2 The Historical Evolution of the U.S. Industrial Relations System ... 17
The Colonial and Preindustrial Era ... 17
Early Unionism ... 19
The Need for National Unions ... 26
The Rise of the AFL ... 30
The Evolution of Management in Industrial Relations ... 31
The Rise of Industrial Unionism ... 34
The New Deal Labor Policy ... 36
The Post-World War 11 Evolution of the New Deal System ... 39
Chapter 3 The Legal Regulation of Unions and Collective Bargaining ... 49
The Conspiracy Doctrine ... 49
Legislation Granting Rights to Collective Bargaining ... 52
The National Labor Relations Act ... 54
The Taft-Hartley Act ... 59
The Landrum-Griffin Act ... 60
The Value of Collective Bargaining ... 61
Public Sector Labor Law ... 63
Employment at Will ... 63
Direct Regulation of Employment Conditions ... 65
Important Administrative Agencies ... 69
Chapter 4 The Role of the Environment ... 73
A Conceptual Framework to Analyze the Environment ... 73
Bargaining Power ... 74
The Economic Context ... 75
The Legal and Public Policy Context ... 84
The Demographic Context ... 87
The Social Context ... 92
The Technological Context ... 93
Recent Environmental Pressures on Collective Bargaining ... 95
Part Ⅱ The Strategic Level of Industrial Relations and Structures for Collective Bargaining
Chapter 5 Management Strategies and Structures for Collective Bargaining ... 102
Management's Strategic Choices-Theoretical Considerations ... 102
Alternative Industrial Relations Systems ... 103
Management Attitudes toward Unionization ... 107
Management Structures for Collective Bargaining ... 111
Chapter 6 Union Strategies and Structures for Representing Workers ... 116
Unions and Politics ... 116
Union Growth and Membership Characteristics ... 118
Models of Union Growth ... 123
Explanations of Recent Union Declines ... 125
Union Structures for Collective Bargaining ... 128
Part Ⅲ The Functional Level of Industrial Relations
Chapter 7 Union Organizing and Bargaining Structures ... 142
Union Organizing ... 142
Nontraditional Union Organizing Tactics ... 154
Bargaining Structure ... 160
Determinants of Bargaining Structures ... 162
Pattern Bargaining ... 167
Chapter 8 The Negotiations Process and Strikes ... 175
The Four Subprocesses of Negotiations ... 176
Management's Wage Objectives in Negotiations ... 181
The Dynamics of Management's Decision-Making Process ... 183
Union and Worker Involvement in Negotiations ... 187
The Cycle of Traditional Negotiations ... 189
Strikes ... 193
Strike Activity ... 196
The Role of Strategy in Negotiations and Strikes ... 204
Chapter 9 Dispute Resolution Procedures ... 212
Mediation ... 212
Fact-Finding ... 224
Interest Arbitration ... 225
Nontraditional Dispute Resolution ... 231
Key Organizations and Agencies Involved in Impasse Resolution ... 232
Chapter 10 Contract Terms and Employment Outcomes ... 235
Tracing the Effects of Union Wage Increases ... 235
Union Effects on Employment Conditions ... 237
Union Effects on Wage Administration ... 242
Union Effects on Fringe Benefits ... 243
Union Effects on Work Rules ... 245
Management's Response to Work Rules ... 253
Part Ⅳ The Workplace Level of Industrial Relations
Chapter 11 Administering the Employment Relationship ... 268
The Grievance Procedure ... 268
The Historical Evolution of Grievance Arbitration ... 271
The Functions of Grievance Procedures and Arbitration ... 275
How Arbitration Works ... 277
The Connections between Grievance Procedures and Other Aspects of the Labor-Management Relationship ... 280
Evaluating the Performance of the Grievance System ... 283
The Duty of Fair Representation ... 285
Responsiveness to Labor and Employment Laws ... 297
Alternatives to the Grievance Procedure in the Union Sector ... 288
Confiict Resolution in Nonunion Settings ... 291
Should Due Process Be Mandated by Federal Law? ... 294
Chapter 12 Participatory Processes ... 298
The Evolution of Worker and Union Participation ... 298
The Links between Teamwork, Participation, and Work Restructuring ... 305
The Debate Surrounding Participatory Programs ... 312
Assessing the Effects of Participatory Processes ... 315
Part Ⅴ Special Topics
Chapter 13 Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector ... 326
The Evolution of Public Sector Collective Bargaining ... 326
The Legal Regulation of Public Sector Unionism ... 330
Differences in the Bargaining Process between the Public and Private Sectors ... 334
Public Sector Bargaining Structures ... 337
Management Structure in the Public Sector ... 339
The Effects of Public Sector Bargaining on Outcomes ... 342
The Use of Interest Arbitration ... 344
Participatory Programs and Work Restructuring in Public School~ ... 346
Normative Premises ... 352
Chapter 14 International and Comparative Industrial Relations ... 358
Industrial Relations in Germany ... 359
Industrial Relations in Japan ... 365
Industrial Relations in Multinational Firms ... 368
NAFTA ... 373
The European Union ... 375
Industrial Relations in Developing Countries ... 378
Should the U.S. Import Industrial Relations Practices from Abroad? ... 382
Chapter 15 The Future of U.S. Labor Policy and Industrial Relations ... 389
The History of Government-Promoted Labor-Management Dialogue ... 391
Alternative Directions for Future National Labor Policy ... 395
Appendixes
Appendix A Private Sector Mock Bargaining Exercise 405
Bargaining between D. G. Barnhouse Co., Inc., and the United Metal Products Workers ... 405
Collective Bargaining Agreement ... 408
Background Data ... 416
Appendix B Public Sector Mock Bargaining Exercise ... 425
Bargaining between Queen City, New York, and the Queen City Police Association(Ind.) ... 425
Background Data ... 432
Agreement between Queen City, New York, and the Queen City Police Association ... 434
Appendix C Grievance Arbitration Exercises ... 441
Case 1: In the Matter of Arbitration between International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL-CIO, Local 4000, and ABC Wire Making Company ... 441
Case 2: In the Matter of Arbitration between American Federation of Teachers Union, Local 3000, and Homer City School System ... 442
Case 3: In the Matter of Arbitration between Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. and Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers International Union, Local 6-75 ... 445
Case 4: Productivity Bargaining for Meter Readers: A Mediation / Arbitration Process ... 447
Glossary ... 451
Indexes
Name Index ... 467
Subject Index ... 471
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