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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ... xi
Introduction ... 1
1. Stalking - a new categorization of human behaviour ... 5
Introduction ... 5
Defining stalking ... 6
Stalking as popular, legal and scien...
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ... xi
Introduction ... 1
1. Stalking - a new categorization of human behaviour ... 5
Introduction ... 5
Defining stalking ... 6
Stalking as popular, legal and scientific discourses ... 11
The archaeology of stalking ... 14
The social construction of stalking ... 18
Conclusions ... 24
2. The epidemiology of stalking ... 26
Introduction ... 26
The prevalence of stalking ... 29
Australia ... 30
USA ... 32
Summary ... 36
3. The victims of stalkers ... 38
Introduction ... 33
Victim studies ... 39
Typology of stalking victims ... 45
Ex-intimates ... 45
Casual acquaintances and friends ... 47
Professional contacts ... 48
Workplace contacts ... 49
Strangers ... 51
The famous ... 55
Unusual victims ... 56
The impact of stalking on victims ... 57
Summary ... 64
4. Classifying stalkers ... 65
Introduction ... 65
Classifying stalking as a form of domestic violence ... 66
Erotomanics, love obsessionals and simple obsessionals ... 66
Some other classifications ... 70
Classification employed in this book ... 75
Conclusions ... 78
5. The rejected stalker and the resentful stalker ... 79
The rejected stalker ... 79
Clinical features ... 79
Relationship to other classifications ... 80
Personality characteristics ... 81
Jealousy ... 85
Characteristics and management of the rejected ... 89
The resentful stalker ... 90
Clinical features ... 90
The nature of resentment ... 91
Characteristics and management ... 96
6. The predatory stalker ... 98
Introduction ... 98
Clinical characteristics ... 99
Stalking in paraphilias ... 101
Telephone scatologia ... 102
Exhibitionism ... 104
Fetishism/voyeurism ... 105
Pedophilia/hebephilia ... 107
Sexual masochism and sadism ... 108
Paraphilic asphyxia(asphyxiophilia) ... 112
Management of the predatory stalker ... 114
7. Intimacy seekers and incompetent suitors ... 116
Introduction ... 116
Intimacy seekers ... 117
Clinical features ... 117
Management ... 123
Incompetent suitors ... 123
Clinical features ... 123
Management ... 127
Intimacy seekers versus incompetent suitors ... 127
8. The erotomanias and the morbid infatuations ... 129
Introduction ... 129
A history of erotomania ... 129
Pathologies of love ... 134
Pathological beliefs of being loved(erotomania) ... 135
Pathological infatuations(borderline erotomania) ... 138
Primary and symptomatic forms of erotomania ... 143
The object of affection ... 153
Prevalence ... 154
Management and prognosis ... 154
9. Same gender stalking ... 157
Introduction ... 157
Media reports of same gender stalking ... 158
Case reports of same gender erotomania ... 158
Studies of stalkers and stalking victims ... 161
Victims of same gender stalking ... 169
Summary ... 171
10. Stalking by proxy ... 173
Private detectives ... 173
Ordering or cancelling goods and services ... 175
Friends and family ... 176
The criminal justice system ... 176
The medical profession ... 180
The Church ... 180
Real-estate agents ... 181
Psychics ... 181
Motor vehicles ... 181
The media ... 182
The Internet ... 183
Conclusions ... 185
11. False victims of stalking ... 187
Introduction ... 187
Typology of false stalking victims ... 191
Stalkers who claim to be victims ... 191
Delusions of being stalked ... 193
The previously stalked ... 194
The factitious disorder ... 196
The malingerer ... 198
Assessment and management of false stalking victims ... 202
Summary ... 204
12. Stalking and assault ... 205
Introduction ... 205
Erotomania and assault ... 206
Female harassment and assault ... 209
Stalking and assault ... 209
Attacks on pets ... 215
Homicidal behaviour and stalking ... 216
Risk factors and risk management ... 217
Conclusions ... 220
13. Reducing the impact of stalking ... 221
Introduction ... 221
Preventative approaches ... 222
Recognizing the would-be stalker ... 222
Declining and terminating relationships ... 223
Protecting personal information ... 224
Celebrity victims ... 225
Strategies to combat stalking ... 225
Informing others ... 226
Helping agencies ... 226
Avoiding contact and confrontations ... 228
Documentation ... 230
Telephone harassment ... 231
Restraining orders ... 232
Self-defence training ... 234
Workplace practices ... 235
Other security measures ... 237
Clinical management of stalking victims ... 237
Education and supportive counselling ... 237
Cognitive-behavioural approaches ... 239
Pharmacotherapies ... 241
Family/partner therapies ... 243
Group therapies ... 243
Support organizations for stalking victims ... 244
Associated issues in treatment ... 246
Conclusions ... 247
14. Defining and prosecuting the offence of stalking ... 249
Introduction ... 249
Early attempts to prosecute stalking-related behaviours ... 251
The development of anti-stalking legislation ... 255
The act ... 256
The threat ... 257
The intent ... 257
Other elements ... 259
Stalking statutes in other US states and Canada ... 260
Florida ... 260
Illinois ... 261
Michigan ... 262
West Virginia ... 262
Canada ... 262
Summary ... 263
The constitutionality of anti-stalking laws in the USA ... 263
The model anti-stalking code for American states ... 266
North American anti-stalking laws : a summary ... 267
Australian anti-stalking legislation ... 268
Conduct requirements ... 269
Intention ... 270
The response of the victim ... 270
Penalties ... 271
Exemptions or defences against a charge ... 271
Special provisions ... 271
Summary of Australian anti-stalking legislation ... 272
The United Kingdom : the Protection from Harassment Act ... 273
The prosecution of stalking : summary and conclusions ... 276
15. Assessing and managing the stalker ... 279
Introduction ... 279
Assessment ... 281
Management ... 284
Management of any continuing mental disorder ... 284
Management strategies targeted at the stalking behaviours ... 285
Conclusions ... 288
Appendix A : Victim services ... 289
Appendix B : Important anti-stalking Acts/statutes ... 291
Legal cases and references ... 292
Index ... 305
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