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Persistent Endocrine Active, Consumer-product Chemicals in Sewage Sludge
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| 자료유형 | 학위논문 |
|---|---|
| 서명/저자사항 | Persistent Endocrine Active, Consumer-product Chemicals in Sewage Sludge. |
| 개인저자 | Pecora, Gabrielle. |
| 단체저자명 | University of California, Davis. Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry. |
| 발행사항 | [S.l.]: University of California, Davis., 2019. |
| 발행사항 | Ann Arbor: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019. |
| 형태사항 | 159 p. |
| 기본자료 저록 | Dissertations Abstracts International 81-06B. Dissertation Abstract International |
| ISBN | 9781392713211 |
| 학위논문주기 | Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2019. |
| 일반주기 |
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-06, Section: B.
Advisor: Young, Thomas M. |
| 이용제한사항 | This item must not be sold to any third party vendors. |
| 요약 | The number and diversity of chemicals that comprise the suite of anthropogenic materials used in the United States is substantial. Consumers are exposed to thousands of chemicals on a daily basis from personal care products to food packaging to pharmaceuticals. Consumer demand has resulted in the engineering of robust products like long-acting sunscreens, 12-hour bug repellents, and color-stay lipsticks. Many of the chemicals that allow these products to persist throughout use, also make them likely to persist through treatment and make their way into the environment via wastewater treatment plant effluent. Wastewater treatment plants serve as "catch-all" basins that can trap compounds that have been flushed down the toilet, drained from laundry machines, or washed down sink and shower drains. Material in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) then serves as a single point of collection representative of thousands of households and businesses. The solid fraction, or sewage sludge, is a concentrated matrix of semi-polar compounds and therefore, a likely place to look for persistent compounds used in consumer products.The work presented in this dissertation seeks to identify consumer-product chemicals in sewage sludge collected from 12 wastewater treatment plants in California. High Resolution Liquid Chromatography Quadropole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) was used to identify a suite of known and unknown environmental contaminants through suspect screening of spectral libraries, non-targeted chemical analysis, and effects-directed analysis. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling was used to predict which identified chemicals are predicted to interact with estrogen signaling and/or reproductive and developmental pathways. Twenty-two (22) of a total of 118 compounds identified via suspect screening were predicted to have estrogenic activity and/or act as a reproductive/developmental toxin. Further non-targeted analysis identified diisobutyl phthalate, a common plasticizer in soft plastics and the optical isomers levorphanol and dextrophan, an opioid pain medication and primary metabolite of dextromethorphan, the most common ingredient used in cough medicine, in more than 75% of sludge samples analyzed. The estrogen receptor-responsive VM7Luc4E2 cell bioassays was used to measure estrogen agonistic and antagonistic activity in an effects-directed analysis, where antagonism proved to be as significant of a factor as agonism in overall extract bioactivity. While bioassay analysis revealed that thermophilic treatment of sewage sludge significantly reduced the estrogenic (agonist) activity of a sample, it significantly enhanced its antagonistic activity. The results presented in this dissertation highlight the importance of including both agonistic and antagonistic activity of cell bioassays in effects-directed analyses to more comprehensively determine the biological relevance of chemical identifications in environmental samples. The aim of this work was to highlight biologically active consumer-product chemicals so that regulators and consumers can make more informed decisions on product use, lessening the risk of utilizing sewage sludge as a soil amendment, and ultimately making its beneficial reuse more widely accepted. |
| 일반주제명 | Analytical chemistry. |
| 언어 | 영어 |
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