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Statistical Physics Models for Time-Dependent Seismicity
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| 자료유형 | 학위논문 |
|---|---|
| 서명/저자사항 | Statistical Physics Models for Time-Dependent Seismicity. |
| 개인저자 | Luginbuhl, Molly Anne. |
| 단체저자명 | University of California, Davis. Physics. |
| 발행사항 | [S.l.]: University of California, Davis., 2019. |
| 발행사항 | Ann Arbor: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019. |
| 형태사항 | 99 p. |
| 기본자료 저록 | Dissertations Abstracts International 81-04B. Dissertation Abstract International |
| ISBN | 9781085796408 |
| 학위논문주기 | Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2019. |
| 일반주기 |
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
Advisor: Rundle, John B. |
| 이용제한사항 | This item must not be sold to any third party vendors. |
| 요약 | Earthquakes are one of the most damaging natural disasters we face, yet our ability to predict the occurrence of these natural disasters is still extremely limited. The main difficulty in understanding the earthquake cycle is the non-linear and multi-scale properties of fault networks coupled with our inability to measure the governing variables, namely the stress profiles of much of the earth's crust. There are, however, useful patterns in earthquake occurrence, the most important being the frequency-magnitude relation. The Gutenberg-Richter frequency-magnitude relation relates the number of large earthquakes to small earthquakes and forms the basis for the nowcasting method, which will be introduced and used extensively in this dissertation to assess seismic hazard. Nowcasting uses "natural time", which in seismicity is the event count of small earthquakes. This is because event count for small earthquakes can be extrapolated to larger earthquakes using Gutenberg-Richter scaling. We review the concepts of natural time and nowcasting and then illustrate seismic nowcasting with five examples. We first consider three examples of induced earthquakes. The Geysers geothermal field in California is an example of an enhanced geothermal system where water is injected into the system in order to produce more steam. This practice generates induced seismicity in the area. For analogous reasons, large injections of waste water from petroleum extraction have generated high rates of induced seismicity in Oklahoma. More dramatically, the extraction of natural gas from the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands has also generated very damaging earthquakes. In order to decrease seismic activity, rates of injection and withdrawal have been reduced in these two cases. We show how nowcasting can be used to assess the success of these efforts. We next consider the aftershock sequence of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake on the San Andreas fault in California. Some earthquakes have higher rates of aftershock activity than other earthquakes of the same magnitude. Our approach allows one to determine rates in real time during the aftershock sequence. Our final example uses the concepts of natural time and nowcasting to address the question of whether large global earthquakes cluster in time. |
| 일반주제명 | Computational physics. Geophysics. Statistical physics. |
| 언어 | 영어 |
| 바로가기 | 
: 이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다. |
