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Developmental Biomarkers of Childhood Trauma and Affective Psychopathology: Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Approaches
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| 자료유형 | 학위논문 |
|---|---|
| 서명/저자사항 | Developmental Biomarkers of Childhood Trauma and Affective Psychopathology: Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Approaches. |
| 개인저자 | Heyn, Sara A. |
| 단체저자명 | The University of Wisconsin - Madison. Neuroscience. |
| 발행사항 | [S.l.]: The University of Wisconsin - Madison., 2019. |
| 발행사항 | Ann Arbor: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019. |
| 형태사항 | 210 p. |
| 기본자료 저록 | Dissertations Abstracts International 81-04B. Dissertation Abstract International |
| ISBN | 9781687946584 |
| 학위논문주기 | Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2019. |
| 일반주기 |
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
Advisor: Herringa, Ryan. |
| 이용제한사항 | This item must not be sold to any third party vendors. |
| 요약 | Although childhood maltreatment is astoundingly prevalent and represents a salient risk factor for the onset of adolescent psychopathology, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the associated cognitive, emotional, and neurodevelopmental correlates remain elusive. This dissertation investigates the neurobiological and developmental correlates of childhood trauma and pediatric PTSD in emotion processing using behavioral tasks, eye tracking, and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were taken from a longitudinal cohort of trauma-exposed youth with PTSD and non-traumatized typically developing (TD) youth at an initial baseline and a one-year follow-up. An additional pooled multisite, multi-investigator sample of adolescent females with and without trauma exposure was also used. First, a facial emotion recognition task revealed decreased recognition accuracy of threat-related emotions in youth with PTSD in the absence of visual attention or physiological differences during the task. Analyses further related aberrant recognition with amygdala-hippocampus functional connectivity, suggesting atypical contextual processing of threatening stimuli. Next, multimodal longitudinal analyses reveal differential prefrontal gray matter volume and altered intrinsic frontolimbic connectivity over time in PTSD compared to TD youth. When PTSD youth were classified as remitters or nonremitters at follow-up, we found trajectories of prefrontal cortical expansion associated with PTSD recovery over time. Finally, linear modeling and machine learning methodology investigated distinct structural biomarkers of trauma and affective psychopathology (AP), revealing again regions in the PFC showing reductions specific to youth with AP, and atypical volume in regions within the emotion recognition visual pathway to be predictive of abuse exposure and severity. Moreover, these structural neural substrates are detectable both within groups and individuals. Together, these studies are the first to investigate the disruption of structural and functional frontolimbic neurodevelopment in pediatric PTSD. I discuss how these results provide a framework for the current understanding how development, childhood trauma, and PTSD may interact with the structure and function of prefrontal-limbic circuitry involved in emotion recognition, reactivity, and regulation. In closing, I discuss how this work provides crucial steps towards a mechanistic understanding of trauma and PTSD and future directions, including the sex differences and translational research into individualized psychotherapy and neuromodulatory treatment interventions. |
| 일반주제명 | Neurosciences. Mental health. Psychobiology. Medical imaging. |
| 언어 | 영어 |
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