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Essays on the Causes and Consequences of Migration from Latin America to the U.S

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서명/저자사항Essays on the Causes and Consequences of Migration from Latin America to the U.S.
개인저자Acuna Garcia, Julio Ernesto.
단체저자명The Ohio State University. Agricultural, Environmental and Developmental Economics.
발행사항[S.l.]: The Ohio State University., 2018.
발행사항Ann Arbor: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018.
형태사항191 p.
기본자료 저록Dissertations Abstracts International 81-05A.
Dissertation Abstract International
ISBN9781687936790
학위논문주기Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2018.
일반주기 Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-05, Section: A.
Advisor: Chen , Joyce.
이용제한사항This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
요약Over the past decade, migration flows between Latin America and the U.S. have drastically changed: 1) A million Mexican immigrants left the U.S. between 2009 and 2015, 2) the stock of Mexican immigrants in the U.S. and migration rates from Mexico to the U.S. have declined, and 3) child migration from the Northern Triangle has been an increasing phenomenon. The rapid pace at which immigration policy has been changing in the U.S., and its focus on border enforcement over the past decade, could partly explain these changing flows and needs to be better under- stood. In general, the drastic changes in migration patterns are an understudied subject, and their implications have to be taken into account in any potential policy drafted to cope with the side effects. Moreover, the significant increase in the number of unaccompanied child migrants, as well as adults, from Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala arriving at U.S. borders, point to an ongoing surge of violence in the region. This dissertation sheds light on the underlying causes and consequences of these changes in migration patterns.In the first chapter, I study the impact of out-migration and return-migration on wages in the source country. This chapter estimates the effects of the recent increase of returning migrants from the U.S. to Mexico on the wages of workers in Mexico and contrasts the findings with the impact of historical out-migration trends. A stylized model provides the estimated equations and the framework to simulate the effect of migration in both directions. The empirical estimation shows that returning migrants and non-migrant workers are imperfect substitutes, with an implied elasticity of substitution ranging from 8.3 to 16.7. The imperfect substitutability result is consistent with a human capital model, in which international migrants acquire skills valued in the home-country labor market. A direct implication of this imperfect substitution is that other returnees' wages absorb the labor supply shock caused by an increase in returning migrants. In contrast, non-migrant workers capitalize the wage gains caused by out-migration shocks.In the second chapter, I explore the effect of expected economic gains and border enforcement on the decision to migrate from Mexico to the U.S. Stricter border enforcement is expected to have a negative effect on undocumented migration but quantifying its impact has been an eluding issue. Using data that connect migration flows from states in Mexico with states in the U.S., this chapter sheds light on 1) the mechanics of border enforcement as a deterrent to unauthorized migration, and 2) the linkages between labor markets of these countries. It derives an empirical specification from a random utility model to explain recent patterns in Mexico-U.S. migration and finds that instead of stricter border enforcement, lackluster expected economic gains are the major disincentive to migration. Point estimates imply an elasticity of migration with respect to economic gains of 3.03, and an elasticity with respect to border enforcement of -0.27.In the third chapter, I study the main causes behind the drastic increase in the number of unaccompanied child migrants arriving from the Northern Triangle (Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador) and Mexico to the U.S. This chapter uses Customs and Border Protection data and data from the countries of origin of these children, to identify the causes behind the sudden surge in the number of unaccompanied children arriving at U.S. borders. The results suggest that violence in the countries of origin is a key driver of unaccompanied child migration. The results are also consistent with a learning model, in which families, after being exposed to several policy interventions that aim at deterring unaccompanied child migration, decrease their likelihood of sending a child. This is the case even when violence towards children has increased.
일반주제명Economics.
언어영어
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