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Vagal Tone and Vagal Flexibility Reflect Distinct Processes Related to Social Connection
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| 자료유형 | 학위논문 |
|---|---|
| 서명/저자사항 | Vagal Tone and Vagal Flexibility Reflect Distinct Processes Related to Social Connection. |
| 개인저자 | Martin, Jared D. |
| 단체저자명 | The University of Wisconsin - Madison. Psychology. |
| 발행사항 | [S.l.]: The University of Wisconsin - Madison., 2019. |
| 발행사항 | Ann Arbor: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019. |
| 형태사항 | 136 p. |
| 기본자료 저록 | Dissertations Abstracts International 81-04B. Dissertation Abstract International |
| ISBN | 9781085793940 |
| 학위논문주기 | Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2019. |
| 일반주기 |
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
Advisor: Niedenthal, Paula M. |
| 이용제한사항 | This item must not be sold to any third party vendors. |
| 요약 | Recent theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that levels of vagus nerve activation track an individual's level of social connection. However, a comprehensive understanding of this relationship remains elusive. To date, there have been two barriers to progress toward a deeper understanding of how vagal activation relates to social connection. First, there are multiple ways to assess levels of vagal activation, with psychophysiologists often quantifying either - but rarely both - vagal tone (i.e., average vagal activation during a resting baseline) or vagal flexibility (i.e., changes in vagal activation in response to a demanding task). Second, theories of the social functioning of the vagus nerve have failed to fully explicate how individual differences in vagal tone and vagal flexibility distinctly relate to social connection. As such, the question of how vagal activation relates to social connection has been obscured by multiple metrics for its quantification and lack of sufficient theoretical clarity to derive and test hypotheses. In this dissertation, I propose that vagal tone and vagal flexibility distinctly reflect two separable but related psychological constructs involved in successfully connecting with others. I argue that whereas vagal tone reflects the ability to down-regulate physiological activity in the presence of others, vagal flexibility reflects the ability to calibrate physiological activity to the behavioral demands of the environment. These two propositions, in tandem with previous empirical research, lead to concrete predictions regarding the role of vagal tone and vagal flexibility in social connection. First, if vagal tone indeed down-regulates physiological activity in the presence of others, individuals with higher vagal tone should be better at recognizing others' facial expressions, a hypothesis I test in Study 1. Second, if vagal flexibility indeed reflects dynamic up- or down-regulation of physiological activity in a way that allows us to meet the behavioral demands of the situation, then individuals with greater vagal flexibility should exhibit increased social engagement behaviors and more feelings of social connection, a hypotheses I test in Study 2. Third, since social connection is strongly tied to health and well-being, vagal tone and vagal flexibility should predict health and well-being, with the effect of vagal flexibility on health and well-being mediated by levels of social connection, hypotheses I test in Study 3.Findings from Study 1 show that individual differences in vagal tone predict differentiated patterns of physiological responses to facial expressions presented as social-evaluative feedback, such that individuals with greater vagal tone exhibit more cortisol output in response to negatively, compared to positively, evaluative stimuli. This finding suggests that individuals with greater vagal tone are better able to understand the social meaning of others' facial expressions and may thus be better able to connect with others. Findings from Study 2 indicate that vagal flexibility, but not vagal tone, is a strong positive predictor of feelings, but not behaviors, that indicate social connection. And in Study 3, neither vagal tone nor vagal flexibility predict physical health. Mediation analyses suggest that vagal tone and vagal flexibility both are associated with subjective well-being: vagal tone directly predicts subjective well-being |
| 일반주제명 | Social psychology. Physiological psychology. |
| 언어 | 영어 |
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