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The Institutional Determinants and Ramifications of Niche Party Success in Europe
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| 자료유형 | 학위논문 |
|---|---|
| 서명/저자사항 | The Institutional Determinants and Ramifications of Niche Party Success in Europe. |
| 개인저자 | Kates, Sean Michael. |
| 단체저자명 | New York University. Politics. |
| 발행사항 | [S.l.]: New York University., 2019. |
| 발행사항 | Ann Arbor: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019. |
| 형태사항 | 203 p. |
| 기본자료 저록 | Dissertations Abstracts International 81-05A. Dissertation Abstract International |
| ISBN | 9781392585054 |
| 학위논문주기 | Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2019. |
| 일반주기 |
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-05, Section: A.
Advisor: Tucker, Joshua A. |
| 이용제한사항 | This item must not be sold to any third party vendors. |
| 요약 | While there have been previous waves of extreme right party support across Europe, the current political situation is remarkable for the geographical spread of the movement, and the sheer number of countries in which far right parties have become credible and important participants in the political sphere. This dissertation analyzes some of the institutional reasons this particular wave of far right politics has found purchase in modern Europe, as well as the ramifications this success can have on party systems in the long term.In the first section, I analyze the contexts in which small, single-issue parties (which far right parties have traditionally been) may opt to politicize a second issue. I create a simple theoretical model where the party balances ideological cohesion with electoral success, and is constrained not only by its own members, but also by the opinion of the voters, and the positioning of competing parties. I empirically test and find support for the major implication of the model: that parties are more likely to politicize (and succeed electorally on) issues where mainstream parties refuse to adjust to shifting popular opinion. In particular, one determinant for niche party success in the current political climate is the refusal of mainstream parties to shift positions on EU integration despite large-scale changes in popular support for the integrative effort.The second section examines this same shift in opinion in-depth. Utilizing an approach based on multi-level regression with post-stratification, I analyze how increased contact with the EU and the experience of the global financial crisis shifted popular opinion against the EU. However, these negative shifts are primarily isolated to individuals with only a primary or low-level secondary level of education, and to geographic areas where these individuals represent an outsized portion of the population. While the shifts in opinion are concentrated among the few, the ramifications are more widely spread, as I show that individuals who feel more negatively toward the EU are also more likely to turn out in the 2014 EU Parliament elections.If the first two sections of the dissertation are about explaining how opinion shifts and institutional constraints can factor into the success of far right parties, the final section explores what happens to the political system when these parties are successful. Utilizing a quasi-experimental research design that compares party systems where parties just cross or fail to cross electoral thresholds that grant a party parliamentary representation, I show that the inclusion of what I call a "gate-crashing" party does not upset traditional measures of political stability, but does vastly increase the number of wasted votes in future elections. This result is worrisome for the health of democracy, as wasted votes are associated with a decrease in democratic approval. |
| 일반주제명 | Political science. European studies. |
| 언어 | 영어 |
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